Guide · 505 topics
Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases: Lesson Topics
Concise topic reviews following the medical school curriculum: definitions, key facts, morphology, and common questions for classes and exams. Find the topic matching your syllabus.
Respiratory system 41
Respiratory SystemSystema respiratoriumSymptoms in Respiratory DiseasesCoughTussisSputum ExaminationSputumHemoptysisHaemoptysisDyspneaDyspnoeChest PainThoracalgiaAnamnesis in Respiratory DiseasesChest InspectionChest PalpationComparative Percussion of the LungsTopographic Percussion of the LungsLung AuscultationAdditional Respiratory SoundsBronchophonyRefining AuscultationLaboratory Diagnostics in PulmonologyDiagnostic Imaging in PulmonologyEndoscopic Examination Methods in PulmonologyRespiratory FunctionPulmonary Consolidation SyndromePleural SyndromeAir Accumulation Syndrome in the Pleural CavityPulmonary Cavity SyndromeBronchial Obstruction SyndromeRespiratory failureAdult Respiratory Distress SyndromeObstructive Sleep Apnea SyndromePneumoniaLung AbscessBronchiectasisBronchial asthmaAsthma bronchialePathogenesis of Bronchial AsthmaAsthma bronchialeBronchial Asthma AttackStatus AsthmaticusStatus asthmaticusDiagnosis and Treatment of Bronchial AsthmaChronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseMorbus pulmonalis obstructivus chronicusChronic Obstructive BronchitisBronchitis chronica obstructivaPulmonary emphysemaEmphysema pulmonumPleurisyPleuritisComplications of COPD
Additional Topics 152
Complications of Chronic BronchitisSpirometry IndicesSpirometry in DiagnosticsDifferential Diagnosis of PneumoniaBand Neutrophils in BloodComplications of pneumoniaClinical Syndromes of Peptic Ulcer DiseaseStool Disorder SyndromesThyroid diseasesProthrombin Time and CoagulogramAnkylosing SpondylitisSystemic Connective Tissue DiseasesSystemic Lupus ErythematosusAcute Coronary SyndromeVentricular Repolarization on ECGECG Signs of Horizontal Heart PositionComplete Blood Count Differential and ESRSupraventricular Arrhythmias on ECGLeft Anterior Fascicular BlockShort PQ Interval SyndromeECG signs of tachycardiaAtrioventricular dissociation on ECGInverted T wave on ECGHyperkalemia on ECGLeft ventricular anterior wall on ECGTransmural myocardial infarction on ECGVisual acuity in ophthalmologyErythrocyte sedimentation ratePosterior myocardial infarction on ECGSinoatrial block on ECGComplete atrioventricular blockEtiology of internal diseasesPalpation algorithmMethods of propedeutics of internal diseasesMean corpuscular volumeEarly Ventricular Repolarization SyndromePrimary clinical syndromeBreathing patternsNechyporenko testEmergency care for renal colicDermatitisDiagnosis of bronchitisPost-nasal drip syndromePulmonary embolism on ECGDiagnosis of COPDExercise ECGTakotsubo syndromeSyndromes in cardiologyElectrocardiography of the interventricular septumChronic kidney diseaseLow voltage ECGFahr-Bouveret syndromeAthlete's ECGStress ECGClinical differential diagnosisBradycardia on ECGHypertensive syndromeSjögren's syndromeDiagnostic methods in cardiologyVisometry in ophthalmologyGeneral physical examination in propedeuticsEmergency care for acute kidney injuryCoagulogram and D-dimerLong QT syndromeRenal function testsUrinalysis normal reference rangesECG leadsSyndromes in bronchitisQuincke's edemaUrinary syndrome in urinalysisBiochemical blood testPlatelets in complete blood countAnti-TPO antibody testPancreatitisComplications of gastritisSmall intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndromeComplications of otitis mediaDifferential diagnosis of pulmonary diseasesWandering atrial pacemakerInflammatory bowel diseasesGlucosuriaProstate diseasesDifferential diagnosis in clinical practiceBlood leukocytesHypertensive crisisDiagnosis of pulpitisEmergency conditions in cardiologyElevated ESR in womenUrinalysisGout in womenLeft ventricular ECG changesMID in complete blood countMain urological diseasesCystitis in menWhite coat syndromeCardiovascular risk SCORE scaleIndications and contraindications for enemasVoltage ECG signsStages of myocardial infarction on ECGSubendocardial ischemia on ECGCoprological examinationSyndromes in pneumoniaCough syndromeDigital clubbing syndromeAtelectasis syndromeVentricular extrasystole on ECGAnaphylactic shock emergency careECG changes in borderline statesFirst aid for myocardial infarctionEmergency care for syncopeSyndromes in internal medicineKronig's fieldsNormal blood count in menJunctional rhythm on ECGVentricular premature complexes on ECGNormal ECG intervals and wavesAcute vascular failureAtrial extrasystoleComplications of acute bronchitisRed blood cells in bloodEctopic rhythm on ECGECG leads and QRS complexMain syndromes in internal medicineSupraventricular extrasystole on ECGVentricular rhythm on ECGElectrocardiography in diagnosticsComplete blood count: normal ranges in womenEmergency conditions in collapseDifferential diagnosis of bleedingClinical diagnostics of internal diseasesRed blood cells in urineEmergency care in bronchial asthmaAtrial rhythm on ECGElectrocardiography: cardiac rotationECG normal intervals and wavesSpirometry with bronchodilatorIntraatrial blockIntraatrial conduction disturbanceAngioedema emergency careColitisDiffuse myocardial changes on ECGAnemias in womenSyndromes in gastroenterologyEtiology and pathogenesis of tonsillitisSerum ferritin normal rangesFever of unknown originSinus rhythm on ECGChest ECG leads V1 V2PresbyopiaAstigmatismBlepharitisMyocardial changes on ECG
Digestive System 48
Regulation of digestionPhysical examination of the abdomenAbdominal palpationDeep abdominal palpationAbdominal percussion and auscultationAscitesStool analysisEndoscopic and radiological methods in gastroenterologyExamination of the oral cavity and oropharynxUlcerative lesions and stomatitisSemiotics of tongue alterationsExamination of the pharynx and tonsilsEsophageal diseasesAcute esophagitis and GERDAchalasia cardiaeEsophageal cancerExamination of patients with gastric diseasesDyspepsia syndromeSemiotics of vomiting and eructationGastrointestinal BleedingInstrumental and laboratory diagnostics of gastric diseasesAcute gastritisChronic gastritisPeptic ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenumDiagnostics and complications of peptic ulcer diseaseTreatment of peptic ulcer diseaseGastric cancerDisorders of intestinal digestionClinical syndromes in intestinal diseasesAbdominal X-rayDiagnostic methods for pancreatic diseasesAcute pancreatitisPancreatitis acutaChronic pancreatitisPancreatitis chronicaPancreatic cancerCarcinoma pancreatisSymptomatology of intestinal diseasesDiarrheaDiarrheaConstipationObstipatioPhysical examination of the intestinesInstrumental diagnostics of intestinal diseasesLaboratory diagnostics of intestinal diseasesMalabsorption syndromeMalabsorptioAcute infectious enteritisEnteritis acutaCrohn's diseaseMorbus CrohnUlcerative colitisColitis ulcerosaIrritable bowel syndromeSyndromum intestini irritabilisDiverticular disease of the colonMorbus diverticularisColon cancerCarcinoma coliDifferential diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease
Blood system 22
History taking and physical examination in hematological diseasesHemopoiesisHaemopoesisComplete blood countAdditional diagnostic methods in hematologyAnemic syndromeAnaemiaIron deficiency anemiaAnaemia sideropenicaMegaloblastic AnemiasAnaemia megaloblasticaHemolytic AnemiasAnaemia haemolyticaAplastic AnemiaAnaemia aplasticaAcute leukemiasLeucosis acutaChronic myeloid leukemiaMyelosis chronicaChronic lymphocytic leukemiaLymphadenosis chronicaMultiple myelomaMyeloma multiplexHodgkin lymphomaLymphogranulomatosisPolycythaemia veraErythraemiaHemorrhagic syndromeSyndromum haemorrhagicumDisseminated intravascular coagulation syndromeSyndromum coagulationis intravascularis disseminataeHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasiaMorbus Rendu-Osler-WeberHemorrhagic vasculitisVasculitis haemorrhagicaIdiopathic thrombocytopenic purpuraPurpura thrombocytopenica idiopathicaSecondary thrombocytopeniasThrombocytopeniaHemophiliaHaemophilia
Musculoskeletal System and Rheumatic Diseases 14
Musculoskeletal system and rheumatic diseasesTaking a medical history in rheumatic diseasesPhysical examination of jointsInstrumental diagnostics of rheumatic diseasesLaboratory diagnostics of rheumatic diseasesOsteoporosisRheumatoid arthritisOsteoarthritisGoutSkin manifestations in rheumatology and endocrinologyMarfan syndromeErythema nodosumErythema nodosumBlood smear findings in anemias and leukemiasRadiological and ultrasound signs of internal organ pathology
Cardiovascular system 114
Cardiac conduction systemQRS complexExtrasystoleMedical treatment of cardiovascular diseasesCardiovascular disease risk factorsLifestyle modification in cardiovascular diseasesSecondary arterial hypertensionMyocardial infarctionInfective endocarditisECG wavesExercise stress testsSyncopeSyncopeCardiovascular morbidity structureCoronary artery diseaseArterial hypertensionPrevention of cardiovascular diseasesLaboratory and instrumental diagnostics in cardiologyChest painTaking a medical history in cardiologyPalpitations and irregular heartbeatsHeart failureGeneral inspection of the cardiac patientPalpation of the precordial areaPercussion of the heartAuscultation of the heartChanges in heart soundsSplitting and duplication of heart soundsExtra heart soundsHeart murmursSystolic murmursDiastolic murmursExtracardiac and functional murmursExamination of the arterial pulseMeasurement of blood pressureVenous pressure and venous pulsePhysical examination of peripheral vesselsDeep vein thrombosis of the lower extremitiesBasics of electrocardiographyECG leadsNormal ECG ElementsElectrical axis of the heartECG Interpretation AlgorithmStress Tests in CardiologyHolter MonitoringECG in Cardiac Chamber HypertrophyRadiological Imaging of the HeartEchocardiographyRadionuclide Imaging and MRI of the HeartCardiac Catheterization and Coronary AngiographyCardiac ArrhythmiasSinus ArrhythmiasParoxysmal TachycardiaTachycardia paroxysmalisAtrial FibrillationFibrillatio atriorumWolff-Parkinson-White SyndromeSyndromum Wolff-Parkinson-WhiteAtrioventricular and Sinoatrial BlocksBundle Branch BlocksAntiarrhythmic DrugsAcute heart failureChronic heart failureShock and Arterial HypotensionAtherosclerosisAtherosclerosisEssential hypertensionMorbus hypertonicusSecondary arterial hypertensionHypertensio arterialis symptomaticaChronic Cor PulmonaleCor pulmonale chronicumMyocarditisMyocarditisCardiomyopathiesCardiomyopathiaPericarditisPericarditisAcute PericarditisPericarditis acutaExudative Pericarditis and Cardiac TamponadePericarditis exsudativaConstrictive PericarditisPericarditis constrictivaRheumatic Fever: Clinical PresentationFebris rheumatica acutaRheumatic Fever: Diagnosis and TreatmentAcquired Valvular Heart DiseaseVitia cordis acquisitaMitral Stenosis: Hemodynamics and Clinical PresentationStenosis mitralisMitral Stenosis: Diagnosis and TreatmentMitral RegurgitationInsufficientia mitralisMitral Valve ProlapseProlapsus valvae mitralisCombined Mitral Valve DiseaseVitium mitrale combinatumAortic Stenosis: Hemodynamics and Clinical PresentationStenosis aorticaAortic Stenosis: Diagnosis and TreatmentAortic Regurgitation: Hemodynamics and Clinical PresentationInsufficientia aorticaAortic Regurgitation: Diagnosis and TreatmentTricuspid Valve DiseaseVitia valvae tricuspidalisCongenital Heart DiseaseVitia cordis congenitaCoarctation of the aortaCoarctatio aortaePulmonary artery stenosisStenosis arteriae pulmonalisAtrial septal defectDefectus septi interatrialisVentricular septal defectDefectus septi interventricularisPatent Ductus ArteriosusDuctus arteriosus patensTetralogy of FallotTetralogia FallotInfective Endocarditis: Etiology and PathogenesisEndocarditis infectiosaInfective Endocarditis: Clinical PresentationInfective Endocarditis: Diagnosis and TreatmentMyocardial Ischemia on ECGLeft ventricular hypertrophyTopographical Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction by ECGRight Ventricular ElectrocardiographyBundle Branch Block on ECGECG Signs of Left Ventricular HypertrophyInverted T Wave on ECGCardiac Rhythm Sources on ECGT Wave Changes on ECGAnterior Myocardial Infarction on ECGLeft Anterior Fascicular BlockQ-Wave Myocardial Infarction on ECGECG Signs of Right Bundle Branch BlockAcute Myocardial Infarction on ECGElectrocardiography Wave AmplitudesSupraventricular ExtrasystoleECG Signs of Left Atrial HypertrophyECG Signs of Right Atrial HypertrophyF Waves on ECGRight Ventricular HypertrophyMyocardial repolarization abnormalities on ECG
General physical examination 11
General diagnostic principles 7
Patient Examination Methods 9
Examination of the skin, lymph nodes, and individual body parts 12
Examination of the skin and mucous membranesSkin discolorationSkin rashTrophic and cicatricial skin changesExamination of hair and nailsSkin moisture, turgor, and temperatureSubcutaneous adipose tissueEdemaLymph node examinationExamination of the head and neckExamination of the breasts and extremitiesSigns of alcohol abuse
Endocrine System and Metabolism 16
Organization and regulation of the endocrine systemInterviewing and examining patients with endocrine disordersInstrumental and laboratory methods in endocrinologyEtiology of endocrine dysfunctionsDiffuse toxic goiterMorbus BasedowiHypothyroidismHypothyreosisDiabetes mellitus: etiology and pathogenesisDiabetes mellitusDiabetes mellitus: clinical features and diagnosticsComplications of diabetes mellitusTreatment of diabetes mellitusAcute complications of diabetes mellitus (Comas)Chronic primary adrenocortical insufficiencyMorbus AddisoniHypercortisolismHyperparathyroidismHyperparathyreosisHypoparathyroidismHypoparathyreosisVomiting syndrome
Liver, Biliary Tract and Spleen 27
Interviewing and history taking in hepatobiliary diseasesClassification of hyperbilirubinemiasBiliary colic and predispositionsClassification of hepatobiliary diseasesSymptoms in hepatobiliary diseasesPhysical examination in hepatobiliary diseasesPercussion and Palpation of the LiverPalpation of the GallbladderPercussion and Palpation of the SpleenLaboratory Diagnostics of Liver DiseasesInstrumental Diagnostics of Hepatobiliary System DiseasesJaundice SyndromeIcterusPortal Hypertension SyndromeHepatocellular Insufficiency SyndromeHepatorenal and Hepatosplenic SyndromesAcute Viral HepatitisAcute Hepatitis of Non-Viral EtiologyChronic HepatitisLiver CirrhosisPortal HypertensionHypertensio portalisBiliary Cirrhosis of the LiverCirrhosis biliarisAlcoholic Liver DiseaseMorbus hepatis alcoholicusLiver CancerCarcinoma hepatisCholelithiasisCholelithiasisAcute cholecystitisCholecystitis acutaChronic CholecystitisCholecystitis chronicaDifferential Diagnostics of Liver Diseases
Urinary System 32
Urinary SystemSystema urinariumDiagnostics of Nephrological PathologiesClinical Presentation of Renal FailureHistory Taking and Examination in Kidney DiseasesAnamnesisRenal EdemaDiuresis DisordersPain Syndrome in Kidney DiseasesMicturition DisordersDysuriaAnamnesis in Hematuria and Acute Kidney InjuryPhysical Examination in Kidney DiseasesUrinalysisAssessment of Renal Functional StatusGlomerular filtrationInstrumental Examination Methods for the KidneysUrinary SyndromeHematuriaHaematuriaNephrotic syndromeNephritic SyndromeAcute kidney injuryChronic Kidney DiseaseRenal Replacement TherapyTubulointerstitial Renal DiseasesDiagnostics and Nephroprotection in NephrologyMorphological Classification of GlomerulonephritisAcute GlomerulonephritisChronic GlomerulonephritisRapidly progressive glomerulonephritisRenal AmyloidosisUrolithiasisPyelonephritisSecondary Interstitial NephritisUrine Specific Gravity
Blog Articles: Propaedeutics
2 articlesPropaedeutics
Abdominal percussion and palpation: technique and clinical significance
Abdominal palpation by Obraztsov-Strazhesko, liver percussion by Kourlow, Shchetkin-Blumberg, Murphy, Ortner, and Rovsing signs — a physical examination guide.
April 11, 20265 minPropaedeuticsHeart Auscultation: Auscultation Points, Sounds, and Murmurs
Heart auscultation for students: 5 auscultation points, normal sounds, pathological murmurs. Murmur assessment algorithm and clinical correlations.
April 11, 20263 minMaster the entire topic in the "Propaedeutics" course
This is a summary. The course covers everything tested in classes and exams.
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