Guide · 330 topics
Biochemistry: class topics
Concise topic reviews following the medical school curriculum: definitions, key facts, morphology, and common questions for classes and exams. Find the topic matching your syllabus.
Additional Topics 60
Sex hormonesEnzyme kinetics: the Michaelis–Menten equationSubstrates in biochemistryPrimary protein structureBiological moleculesStarch digestionBlood uric acidProtein digestion and absorptionVitamins in biochemistryUrine formationGlycated hemoglobinBilirubin and its fractionsBilirubin metabolism and laboratory diagnosticsBlood proteins in biochemistryBlood plasmaBiochemistry of painVitamins and mineralsBlood alkaline phosphataseBlood gamma-glutamyl transferaseBlood calciumBiochemical diagnosticsLaboratory tubes in biochemistryBlood biochemical parametersTotal testosterone blood testUrinalysisBiochemical blood test: urea and creatinineUric acid metabolismBlood plateletsActivated partial thromboplastin timeSerum ferritinFerritin as a biochemical markerLaboratory diagnostics of iron metabolismUrine pH reactionBlood creatine phosphokinaseAST and ALT in a biochemical blood testUrine creatinineBlood electrolytesHOMA-IR insulin resistance indexBlood ureaLeukocytes in a complete blood countBiochemistry of proteins and amino acidsBlood vitamins reference rangeGlycogen structure and metabolismBiochemical geneticsBlood vitamin DCarbohydrate metabolismSerum creatinine in womenBlood lactate dehydrogenaseLipid and fatty acid metabolismBiochemical markers of pancreatitisCatabolismBiochemical parameters of the pancreasChemical composition of the bodyBiological role of thyroid hormonesBlood biochemistry reference values by ageMean corpuscular hemoglobinBlood buffer systemsMechanism of enzyme actionBlood potassiumBlood magnesium
Enzymology 48
General characteristics and properties of enzymesActive site of enzymesEnzyme specificityMechanism of enzymatic catalysisCofactors and coenzymesNicotinamide coenzymesFlavin coenzymesPyridoxal phosphateLipoamideAscorbic acidAcidum ascorbicumBiotinWater-soluble vitaminsClassification and nomenclature of enzymesOxidoreductasesTransferasesHydrolasesLyasesMeasurement of enzyme activityEnzyme kineticsMichaelis constantCompetitive enzyme inhibitionIrreversible enzyme inhibitionSuccinate dehydrogenase and malonateAcetylcholinesteraseRegulation of enzyme activityAllosteric regulation of enzymesPhosphorylation and dephosphorylation of enzymesEnzymatic diagnosticsIsoenzymesLactate dehydrogenaseCreatine kinaseEnzymopathiesEnzyme therapyMechanism of action of sulfonamidesMAO inhibitorsMechanism of action of atropineAtropinumMechanism of action of caffeineCoffeinumEnzymatic diagnostics of myocardial infarctionPurine nucleotide synthesisMain coenzymesDetermination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activityEffect of temperature on enzyme activityCovalent modification of enzymesEnzyme inhibitionNon-competitive and irreversible inhibitionEnzyme activation by limited proteolysisEnzymes in medicine and enzymopathiesStructure of enzymes
Structure, properties and functions of proteins 21
Amino acids and peptide bondSecondary structure of proteinsTertiary structure of proteinsProtein structural motifsActive site of a proteinAnticholinergicsAtropinumProtein denaturationHemoglobinHaemoglobinumMyoglobinMyoglobinumSickle-cell anemiaChaperonesImmunoglobulinsImmunoglobulīnumPhysicochemical properties of proteinsProtein chromatographyDisulfide bonds in proteinsInsulinInsulinumFundamentals of protein functionProtein denaturation and renaturationGlobular protein conformationQuaternary protein structureProtein families
Template biosyntheses 29
Structure of NucleotidesStructure of nucleic acidsChromatin and histonesNucleic acid hybridizationDNA replicationDNA repairTranscriptionRNA processingRibosomesGenetic codeTranslationInhibitors of template biosynthesisRegulation of gene expression in prokaryotesRegulation of gene expression in eukaryotesInterferonsHormonal regulation of template biosynthesisImmunoglobulin genesDNA mutationsPolymerase chain reactionDNA cloningDNA diagnosticsDNA structureAcidum deoxyribonucleicumRNA structureAcidum ribonucleicumPost-transcriptional RNA modificationsPost-translational modificationsMechanisms of protein diversity in eukaryotesGenetic polymorphismRecombinant DNA technologyDNA diagnostics and gene therapy
Structure and functions of biological membranes 11
Energy Metabolism 13
Metabolism and energyTissue respirationElectron transport chainOxidative phosphorylationRespiratory controlUncoupling of respiration and phosphorylationThermoregulatory function of respirationRespiratory chain inhibitorsSpecific and common pathways of catabolismOxidative decarboxylation of pyruvateKrebs cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)Anaplerotic reactionsRegulation of energy metabolism
Carbohydrate Metabolism 32
Digestion and absorption of carbohydratesGlucose transportersGlucose transportersGlucose metabolismGlycogen synthesisGlycogen breakdownRegulation of glycogen metabolismLactose intoleranceDisorders of carbohydrate digestionGlycogen storage diseasesDiabetes mellitus and alpha-glucosidase inhibitorsGlycolysisRegulation of glycolysisLactic acidosisPentose phosphate pathwayGlutathioneGluconeogenesisRegulation of gluconeogenesis and glycolysisRegulation of blood glucose levelsGlucose level disordersEffect of alcohol on gluconeogenesisStructure, digestion, and absorption of carbohydratesTransmembrane transport of glucoseGlycogen synthesis (Glycogenesis)Glycogen mobilization (Glycogenolysis)Disorders of glycogen metabolism and carbohydrate digestionGlucose catabolismPentose phosphate pathway (PPP)Glucose-lactate cycleFeatures of carbohydrate metabolism in erythrocytesRole of glutathione in erythrocytesLactate metabolism and the effect of ethanol on carbohydrate metabolismRegulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver
Biochemistry of the extracellular matrix 10
Nucleotide metabolism 19
AMP and GMP synthesisRegulation of purine nucleotide synthesisSalvage pathways of purine nucleotide synthesisCatabolism of purine nucleotidesXanthine oxidaseGout and hyperuricemiaLesch-Nyhan syndromePyrimidine nucleotide synthesisSynthesis of UDP, UTP, and CTPRegulation of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesisSalvage pathways of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesisOrotic aciduriaCatabolism of pyrimidine nucleotidesDeoxyribonucleotide synthesisRibonucleotide reductaseThymidylate synthesisNucleotide metabolism-related immunodeficienciesAntineoplastic agents (nucleotide synthesis inhibitors)Functions of nucleotides and their derivatives
Amino acid metabolism 26
Significance and classification of amino acidsNitrogen balanceProtein digestionAmino acid transaminationAmino acid deaminationMetabolism of the carbon skeleton of amino acidsAmmonia metabolismUrea cycleFolic acid metabolismAcidum folicumMethionine metabolismMethioninumPhenylalanine and tyrosine metabolismHistidine metabolismHistidinumBiogenic aminesProtein digestion in the stomachProtein digestion in the intestineHyperammonemiaAmino acid synthesisFate of the carbon skeleton of amino acidsSerine and glycine metabolismRole of folic acidAcidum folicumCreatine metabolismDisorders of phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolismFate of amino acid carbon skeletonsHistamine metabolismGamma-aminobutyric acidAcidum gamma-aminobutyricumParkinson's disease
Lipid Metabolism 25
Classification and structure of lipidsLipid digestionChylomicronsFatty acid biosynthesisTriacylglycerol biosynthesisMobilization of fatsBeta-oxidation of fatty acidsKetone bodiesEicosanoidsCholesterol metabolismCholesterolumBile acidsLipoproteinsAtherosclerosis and dyslipoproteinemiasDigestion and absorption of lipidsBiosynthesis of higher fatty acidsRegulation of fatty acid synthesisVery low-density lipoproteinsCholesterol biosynthesisCholesterol transportAtherosclerosisPhospholipidsFat biosynthesisObesityBile acid biosynthesisDyslipoproteinemias
Hormonal regulation of metabolism and body functions 22
Hormonal regulation of metabolismEndocrine systemMechanisms of hormone actionPeptide hormonesGlucagonGlucagonumIodothyroninesCorticosteroidsEnergy homeostasisAdrenal gland dysfunctionMetabolism during starvationDiabetes mellitusDiabetes mellitusAntidiuretic hormoneVasopressinumRenin-angiotensin-aldosterone systemAtrial natriuretic peptideCalcium and phosphorus metabolismWater-electrolyte balanceThyroid hormonesHormona thyroideaRegulation of cortisol synthesis and secretionAbsorptive and postabsorptive periodsHyperthyroidism and hypothyroidismRegulation of water-electrolyte balanceRegulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism
Detoxification of toxic substances in the liver 7
Heme metabolism and iron metabolism 7
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April 11, 20263 minMaster the entire topic in the "Biochemistry" course
This is a summary. The course covers everything tested in classes and exams.
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