Reference Guide · 498 topics
Pathological Physiology: Class Topics
Concise topic reviews following the medical school curriculum: definitions, key facts, morphology, and common questions for classes and exams. Find the topic matching your syllabus.
Additional Topics 147
Shock complicationsBronchial asthmaToxicological syndromesComplications of tachycardiaReye's syndromeIntestinal dysbiosisESR normal range in menRight bundle branch block on ECGLeft ventricular hypertrophyComplications of atrial fibrillationEdema syndromeECG in hypokalemiaLatent period of diseaseDesensitizing therapyMorris syndromeHereditary pathologyWiskott–Aldrich syndromeComplications of resuscitationLymphocytosisComplications of venous thrombosisMechanisms of hypertrophy developmentShort bowel syndromeCardiopulmonary resuscitation cycle and algorithmDisseminated intravascular coagulationAspiration syndromeComplications of hemorrhageEosinophilsAnisocytosisMyocardial repolarization abnormalitiesProthrombin indexIntraventricular conduction disturbanceDressler's syndromeDiseases of the internal environmentHereditary syndromes and diseasesAutosomal syndromesInsulin resistanceIschemic complicationsComplications of obesityPlatelets in oncological diseasesEffects of electric current on the bodyAnemia syndromesComplications of peptic ulcer diseaseHyperglycemiaTachycardia syndromesEmpty sella syndromeSubject and tasks of pathophysiologyAllergic reactions and complicationsPickwickian syndromeThyroid diseasesCerebral syndromeUrinalysis proteinDown syndromeHemorrhagic complicationsMendelson's syndromeCoagulogram: prothrombin index, INRHemostasis system coagulogramD-dimer in blood testThrombin time coagulogramChronic fatigue syndromeBlood abnormalities in malignant tumorsHemolytic uremic syndromeVenous thromboembolic complicationsGlomerular filtration rateRed blood cell hypochromiaComplete blood countProcalcitonin in laboratory diagnosticsBlood laboratory diagnosticsComplications of pneumoniaPleurisy complicationsCardiovascular complicationsD-dimer blood testCardiogenic shockToxic shockCerebral complicationsUrea in urinalysisBasophilsDrug-related complications and adverse effectsComplications of heart defectsIntestinal complicationsAntiphospholipid syndromeAcute radiation syndromePrader–Willi syndromeCarcinoid syndromePathogenesis of radiation sicknessSegmented neutrophilsDetoxification therapyCutaneous syndromeSteal syndromeComplications of intracranial hemorrhagesEffects of smoking on the bodyRheumatoid factorComplications of pneumothoraxConnective tissue dysplasiaAir embolismCoronary complicationsComplications of pancreatitisShaken baby syndromeModeling method in pathophysiologyPathogenesis of toxic injuriesGranulocytes in bloodEndocrine syndromesInflammationGilbert's syndromeZollinger–Ellison syndromeArthritisVasculitisObesity syndromeCerebral edemaComplications of angina pectorisAcute kidney injuryHemolytic transfusion complicationsComplications of goutSubendocardial ischemia ECGAnaphylactic shock management algorithmStenosisAscitesHepatic syndromesHematuria syndromePulmonary hemorrhageEmergency management algorithm for shockEmergency care for allergic reactionsDifferential diagnosis of anemiasIatrogenic diseasesHemoptysisPathogenesis of nephrotic syndromeHyperglycemia as an adverse effectSheehan syndromeComplications of chronic kidney diseaseIron deficiencyBronchopulmonary complicationsChlorine poisoningFunctional disordersBlood leukocytesFever and its complicationsComplications of diarrheaConn syndromeComplications of diseasesComplications of gastrointestinal bleedingEndogenous intoxication syndromePulmonary complicationsStill's diseasePathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritisChronic cor pulmonaleComplications of bacterial infectionsComplications of blood lossBlood neutrophilsPortal hypertension
Chapter 2. GENERAL NOSOLOGY 12
Health and normSanitas et normaDiseaseMorbusStages of diseaseRelapse and remissionRecidivus, RemissioTerminal states and deathMors, Mors clinicaClassification of diseasesPathological process, reaction, and stateProcessus pathologicusEtiology and pathogenesisAetiologia, PathogenesisEtiological factorsOrganism reactivityReactivitasMechanisms of pathogenesisCirculus vitiosusSpecific and nonspecific links of pathogenesis
Chapter 3. Forms of pathology caused by changes in the genome 12
MutagensClassification of mutationsGene mutationsTypes of inheritanceAutosomal inheritanceSex-linked and mitochondrial inheritancePedigree analysisChromosomal diseasesMultifactorial diseasesCongenital malformationsDiagnostic methods for hereditary diseasesPrinciples of treatment for hereditary diseases
Chapter 4. Cell Injury as the Basis for the Development of Various Forms of Human Pathology 15
Etiology of Cell InjuryGeneral Mechanisms of Cell InjuryImpaired Cellular Energy SupplyLipid PeroxidationDamage to Cell Membranes and EnzymesCellular Ion and Water ImbalanceDisruption of the Cell's Genetic ProgramCellular DystrophiesTypes of Cell DeathApoptosisApoptosisPyroptosisPyroptosisCellular Adaptation and Defense MechanismsPrinciples of Cellular Protection in InjuryCorrection of Transmembrane Transport and Ion Exchange MechanismsProtection of the Cellular Genetic Apparatus from Damage
Chapter 5. Inflammatory Process 12
Etiology of InflammationEtiologia inflammationisAlteration in InflammationAlteratioMetabolic Disorders in the Focus of InflammationMetabolismus in foci inflammationisInflammatory MediatorsMediatores inflammationisExudationExsudatioLeukocyte EmigrationEmigratio leucocytorumPhagocytosisPhagocytosisProliferation in InflammationProliferatioTypes and Course of InflammationInflammatio acuta et chronicaLocal and Systemic Signs of InflammationSigna inflammationisSystemic Inflammatory Response SyndromeSystemic Inflammatory Response SyndromeHyperemia
Chapter 6. Body Thermal Balance Disorders 12
Chapter 7. Infectious Process 14
Infectious ProcessInfectioInteractions Between Macro- and MicroorganismsMicrobial Pathogenicity FactorsBacterial ToxinsConditions for the Initiation of InfectionPortals of Entry for InfectionToll-like ReceptorsToll-like receptorsMechanisms of Development of the Infectious ProcessImmune and Nervous Systems in the Infectious ProcessStages of the Infectious ProcessBody's Defense Mechanisms in InfectionMicrobicidal System of PhagocytesHumoral factors of innate immunityPrinciples of Therapy for the Infectious Process
Chapter 8. Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism 8
Ketoacidotic ComaComa ketoacidoticumHyperosmolar ComaComa hyperosmolaricumHypoglycemic ComaComa hypoglycaemicumDiabetic NeuropathyNeuropathia diabeticaDiabetic EncephalopathyEncephalopathia diabeticaDiabetic RetinopathyRetinopathia diabeticaDiabetic nephropathyNephropathia diabeticaImmunopathology in Diabetes Mellitus
Chapter 9. Nucleic Acid and Protein Metabolism Disorders 12
Typical Protein Metabolism DisordersProtein-Energy MalnutritionProtein Excess and Amino Acid ImbalanceDisorders of Protein Digestion and AbsorptionMorbus celiacusAmino Acid Transport DisordersAmino Acid Metabolism DisordersPhenylketonuriaDysproteinaemiasDisorders of Terminal Protein CatabolismAmyloidosisAmyloidosisNucleic Acid Metabolism DisordersGout and HyperuricaemiaPodagraHypouricaemia
Chapter 10. Disorders of Lipid Metabolism 9
Chapter 11. Disorders of Water Balance. Edema 14
Body Fluid CompartmentsDehydrationHyperosmolar and Isoosmolar DehydrationManagement of DehydrationOverhydrationHypoosmolar OverhydrationEdemaOedemaPathogenesis of EdemaOsmotic and Membranogenic Factors in EdemaCardiac EdemaPulmonary edemaOedema pulmonumRenal EdemaPathogenesis of Renal EdemaManagement of Edema
Chapter 12. Electrolyte Balance Disorders 11
HypernatraemiaHypernatraemiaHyponatraemiaHyponatraemiaChlorine Metabolism DisordersHyperkalaemiaHyperkalaemiaHypokalaemiaHypokalaemiaHypercalcaemiaHypercalcaemiaHypocalcaemiaHypocalcaemiaHyperphosphataemiaHyperphosphataemiaHypophosphataemiaHypophosphataemiaHypermagnesaemiaHypermagnesaemiaHypomagnesaemiaHypomagnesaemia
Chapter 13. Acid-Base Balance Disorders 12
Parameters of Acid-Base BalanceBlood buffer systemsPhysiological Mechanisms Regulating Acid-Base BalanceClassification of Acid-Base DisordersRespiratory AcidosisRespiratory AlkalosisMetabolic AcidosisMetabolic AlkalosisExcretory AcidosisExcretory AlkalosisExogenous Acid-Base DisordersMixed Acid-Base Disorders
Chapter 14. Vitamin Metabolism Disorders 14
HypovitaminosisHypovitaminosisHypervitaminosisHypervitaminosisAntivitaminsAntivitaminaHypovitaminosis AHypovitaminosis AHypovitaminosis DHypovitaminosis DHypervitaminosis DHypervitaminosis DHypervitaminosis KHypervitaminosis KVitamin B1Vitaminum B1Vitamin B2Vitaminum B2Vitamin B6Vitaminum B6Vitamin B12Vitaminum B12Vitamin B5Acidum pantothenicumVitamin CVitaminum CVitamin PPVitaminum PP
Chapter 15. HYPOXIA. HYPEROXYGENATION 13
Hypoxia and hypoxemiaHypoxiaClassification of hypoxiaExogenous hypoxiaRespiratory hypoxiaCirculatory hypoxiaHemic hypoxiaTissue hypoxiaAdaptation to hypoxiaAcute adaptation to hypoxiaLong-term adaptation to hypoxiaMetabolic disorders in hypoxiaTreatment and prevention of hypoxiaHyperoxygenationHyperoxia
Chapter 16. IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS 6
Chapter 17. NEOPLASMS 17
Benign and malignant tumorsNeoplasmaChemical carcinogensPhysical carcinogensOncogenes and tumor suppressor genesRisk factors for tumor growthTumor stages and tumor markersStages of carcinogenesisTumor atypiaInvasive tumor growthProtein, lipid, and ion metabolic atypia in tumorsMetabolic atypia of tumorsFunctional atypia of tumorsTumor metastasisEffect of the tumor on the bodyAntitumor defense mechanisms of the bodyAntitumor ImmunityPrevention and treatment of tumors
Chapter 18. Drug Addiction. Substance Abuse. Poisoning 14
Psychotropic substancesTypes of drug addictionCannabismCocaine dependenceOpioid addictionHallucinogensChronic alcoholismEthanolumPathogenesis of drug addiction and substance abuseInitial stage of drug addictionMiddle stage of drug addictionFinal stage of drug addictionEtiology and classification of poisoningTypes of poisonsPrinciples of poisoning treatment
Chapter 19. The Adaptive Process. Stress 8
Chapter 20. Extreme and Terminal States 15
Terminal statesExtreme conditionsStages of extreme conditionsManagement of extreme conditionsCollapseCollapsusShockCompensated stage of shockDecompensated stage of shockTraumatic and burn shockConsciousness disordersComaComaPathogenesis of comaManagement of comatose statesSudden infant death syndromeVascular collapse
Chapter 21. Typical Pathological Forms of the Blood System 26
Blood volume changesBlood lossErythrocytosis and polycythemia veraPolycythemia veraAnemiaAnaemiaHemolytic anemiasVitamin B12 and folate deficiency anemiasIron deficiency anemiasThalassemiaThalassemiaLeukopeniasLeucopeniaLeukocytosesLeucocytosisPathology of hemostasisDisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndromeLeukemiasLeukaemiaHypervolemia and hypovolemiaHypervolemia et hypovolemiaBlood loss and posthemorrhagic statesHaemorrhagiaErythrocytosesErythrocytosisClassification of anemiasAnaemiaLeukocytoses and leukopeniasLeucocytosis et leucopeniaChanges in the leukocyte differentialFormula leucocytarisPathology of the hemostatic system: thrombocytopenias and thrombocytopathiesPathologia haemostasisThrombotic syndromeHemorrhagic syndromeStages of DIC syndromeHemoblastosesHaemoblastosisClassification of hemoblastosesLeukemoid reactions
Chapter 22. Typical Pathological Forms of the Circulatory System 21
Pathology of the circulatory systemAngina pectorisAngina pectorisMyocardial infarctionInfarctus myocardiiCoronary insufficiencyMyocardial ischemiaReperfusion syndromeCardiac arrhythmiasArrhythmiaMyocardial conduction disturbancesMyocardial injuryHeart failureAcute heart failureArterial hypertensionHypertensio arterialisNeurogenic arterial hypertensionEndocrine and renal arterial hypertensionEssential hypertensionMorbus hypertonicusArterial hypotensionHypotensio arterialisPeripheral circulation disordersMicrocirculation disordersArterial hyperemiaHyperaemia arterialisVenous hyperemiaHyperaemia venosaIschemiaIschaemia
Chapter 23. Typical Forms of Pathology of the External Respiration System 12
Pathology of the external respiration systemAlveolar hypoventilationExtrapulmonary causes of hypoventilationPathological breathing patternsAlveolar hyperventilationPulmonary perfusion disordersVentilation-perfusion mismatchImpaired pulmonary diffusion capacityRespiratory failureNeonatal respiratory distress syndromeAcute respiratory distress syndromePathogenesis of ARDS
Chapter 24. Standard Pathological Forms of the Digestive System 23
Etiology of digestive system diseasesPathogenesis of digestive system diseasesTaste disordersHyposalivationHypersalivationDysphagiaGastroesophageal reflux diseaseGastric secretory dysfunctionGastric achylia and secretion changesGastric motor dysfunctionHeartburn, nausea, and vomitingDumping syndromeIntestinal digestion and absorption disordersIntestinal motor dysfunctionEtiology of peptic ulcer diseasePathogenesis of peptic ulcer diseaseManifestations of peptic ulcer diseaseMalabsorption syndromeEnteropathyChronic colitisIrritable bowel syndromeUlcerative colitisPrinciples of therapy for digestive disorders
Chapter 25. Typical Pathological Forms of the Liver 8
General issues of liver pathophysiologyPathophysologia hepatisLiver failureInsufficientia hepaticaHepatitis and liver cirrhosisHepatitis et cirrhosisMetabolic disorders in liver pathologyMetabolismi perturbationes hepaticaeHepatic comaComa hepaticumBilirubin metabolism and jaundiceIcterusCholeemia and acholia syndromeCholaemia et acholiaPrinciples of liver pathology treatmentCuratio morborum hepatis
Chapter 27. Typical Forms of Endocrine Pathology 20
Classification of endocrine system organs and cellsCentrogenic endocrinopathiesPrimary glandular endocrinopathiesPost-glandular endocrinopathiesPathology of the adenohypophysisGrowth hormone deficiencyAcromegaly and gigantismSyndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone SecretionCushing's SyndromePheochromocytomaAddison's DiseaseHypoaldosteronismHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismHyperparathyroidismHypocalcemia and HypoparathyroidismDisorders of Sex DevelopmentPubertal DisordersOvarian Pathology and HypogonadismPrinciples of Endocrinopathy Therapy
Chapter 28. Typical Pathological Forms of the Nervous System 11
Blog Articles: Pathophysiology
1 articleMaster the entire topic in the "Pathophysiology" course
This is a summary. The course covers everything tested in classes and exams.
- 4,913 pages of study guides on all topics
- Assignments and quizzes after every topic — just like in a colloquium
- AI tutor answers questions on the topic anytime
- 135 video lessons on the subject