Reference · 392 topics
General Surgery: Lesson Topics
Concise topic reviews following the medical school curriculum: definitions, key facts, morphology, and common questions for classes and exams. Find the topic matching your syllabus.
Additional Topics 85
Leriche syndromeProstatitisAntisepsis in first aidCrush syndromeComplications of hemorrhoidsForearm bleedingDiagnostic puncturesComplications of tracheal intubationComplications of cholecystectomyGastric resection and gastrectomyAcute pancreatitisFirst aid for trauma and injuriesFirst aid for chest injuriesMilitary field surgeryFirst aid for contusionsEmergency care for pneumothoraxEye injuriesComplications of acute appendicitisLactational mastitisComplications of thrombophlebitisComplications of abdominal diseasesCoronary surgeryComplications of hematomasDeep vein thrombosis of the lower extremitiesCardiovascular surgeryComplications of cataractCerebral aneurysmBasics of resuscitationMedical rehabilitationUltrasound-guided puncturePostoperative hemorrhagePhotodynamic therapyProstate cancerBreaches of asepsis and antisepsisComplications of colonoscopySurgical diseases of the stomachIntestinal hemorrhageVaricose veinsComplications of pancreatitisTermination of resuscitationComplications of purulent infectionBenign prostatic hyperplasiaIntravenous injectionsPeritoneal irritation signsPyoseptic complicationsComplications of parenteral drug administrationDifferential diagnosis of phlegmonWoundsComplications of soft tissue woundsFirst aid for gunshot woundsComplications of pressure ulcersEpistaxisForeign body in the airwayHemostatic tourniquetExternal traumaFirst aid in road traffic accidentsFirst aid in disastersAmputation complicationsFirst aid for sprainsDesault bandageIndications and contraindications for massageSurgery of the extremity vesselsPhysiotherapeutic treatment methodsBronchopulmonary complicationsFasciitisInguinal herniaUrolithiasisTesticular torsionVolvulusSurgical urologyFirst aid for injuries and fracturesComplications of peritonitisComplications of lung abscessComplications of appendectomyComplications of hemothoraxEmergency care for shockEmergency surgical careComplications of pneumothoraxTraumatic brain injury first aidPediatric surgeryOtitisComplications of inhalation anesthesiaHead woundsFirst aid for spinal injuriesLiver cancer
CHAPTER 4. EMERGENCY CARE FOR CRITICAL CONDITIONS 14
CHAPTER 5. BLEEDING 10
CHAPTER 3. ANESTHESIA 17
History of anesthesiology developmentBalanced anesthesiaLocal anesthesiaInfiltration anesthesiaConduction anesthesiaProcaine blockadesIntravenous and intraosseous anesthesiaSpinal anesthesiaEpidural anesthesiaGeneral anesthesiaPreanesthetic preparationIntravenous anesthesiaInhalation anesthesiaAnesthesia machinesEndotracheal anesthesiaAnesthesia monitoringComplications of anesthesia
CHAPTER 7. PLASMA SUBSTITUTES 7
CHAPTER 2. ASEPSIS AND ANTISEPSIS 21
History of the development of asepsis and antisepsisChemical antisepticsPrevention of surgical infectionsOperating theater suiteAir sterilization in the operating roomPre-sterilization cleaning and preparationSterilization methodsSterilization of surgical drapes and linenSterility controlProcessing and sterilization of equipmentSurgeon's hand scrubbing and preparationPrevention of implant-associated infectionMechanical antisepsis and drainageBiological antisepsisPreparation of the surgical siteNosocomial infectionPrevention of HIV infection in surgeryPhysical antisepsisChemical antisepsisImmunological agents in surgeryPerioperative antibiotic prophylaxis
CHAPTER 6. BLOOD TRANSFUSION 42
History of blood transfusionABO blood groupsBlood preservationSources of blood for transfusionMechanism of action of transfused bloodBlood transfusion mediaPacked red blood cellsPlatelet concentrateWhite blood cell concentrateBlood plasma transfusionBlood protein preparationsHemostatic blood productsImmunological blood productsRhesus factorImmunological compatibility and Ottenberg's ruleBlood typing using standard seraErrors in blood typingBlood typing using monoclonal antibodies (soclones)Blood typing using standard washed erythrocytesRhesus factor determinationDirect and exchange blood transfusionAutologous blood transfusionBlood reinfusionHemodilutionIntravenous blood transfusionIntra-arterial and intra-aortic blood transfusionIntraosseous blood transfusionIndications and contraindications for blood transfusionComponent therapy vs Whole bloodSelection of transfusion medium and volumeAssessment of blood suitability and compatibility testingBlood transfusion algorithmBiological testBlood transfusion complicationsComplications of massive blood transfusionBlood transfusion techniquePost-transfusion patient monitoringBacteremic-toxic shockEmbolism in blood transfusionMassive transfusion syndromeBlood typing and compatibility testingPost-transfusion complications
CHAPTER 9. EXAMINATION OF THE SURGICAL PATIENT 9
Examination of the surgical patientGeneral clinical examination methods in surgeryBody temperature and anthropometryPalpationPalpatioPercussion and auscultationPercussio et auscultatioSpecial examination methods in surgeryAssessment of the patient's severitySurgical patient case historyHistoria morbiEpicrisisEpicrisis
CHAPTER 8. SURGICAL OPERATION 13
Classification of surgical operationsStages of a surgical operationIndications and contraindications for surgeryAssessment of surgical and anesthetic riskPreoperative preparationPrevention of infectious complications in surgeryPostoperative periodPostoperative complicationsEarly postoperative complicationsThromboembolic complicationsPressure ulcersDecubitusPostoperative pain syndromeLate postoperative complications
CHAPTER 10. GENERAL ISSUES IN TRAUMATOLOGY 63
Complications of surgical operationsHistory of traumatologyClassification of injuriesExamination of the trauma patientDisorders of consciousnessDesmurgyDesmurgiaTriangular and sling bandagesBandages for the head, neck, and chestTransportation immobilizationCrush syndromeSoft tissue injuriesTraumatic brain injuryPneumothorax and hemothoraxWoundsVulnusWound healing processClinical presentation and examination of woundsSurgical sutures for woundsWound infectionFracturesFracturaTreatment of fracturesImpaired fracture consolidationDislocationsLuxatioBurnsCombustioBurn treatmentFrostbiteCongelatioHistory of traumatology and orthopedicsEvaluation of severe traumaBandage dressingsNon-bandage dressingsDressings for specific body regionsDressings and individual dressing packets (IDP)ImmobilizationLocal signs of traumaClosed brain injuriesChest traumaHemorrhage in traumaBone fragment displacement in fracturesMethods of fracture treatmentTraumatic dislocationsChemical and electrical burnsCharacteristics of dressings after aseptic surgeriesManagement of purulent woundsUpper extremity immobilizationLower extremity immobilizationImmobilization in pelvic and spinal injuriesContusionContusioClosed chest injuryClosed abdominal injuryGunshot woundsEnvenomed woundsFirst aid for woundsSurgical wound debridementGas gangreneTetanusTetanusSurgical wound debridementBone fracturesBone tissue regenerationDiagnosis and treatment of fracturesPlaster castsSkeletal traction and osteosynthesisThermal burnsChemical and radiation burnsFirst aid for open fractures
CHAPTER 12. SPECIFIC SURGICAL INFECTION 7
Bone and joint tuberculosisTuberculosis ossium et articulorumTuberculous spondylitisSpondylitis tuberculosaTuberculous coxitis and gonitisCoxitis tuberculosa, Gonitis tuberculosaTreatment of bone and joint tuberculosisTuberculous lymphadenitisLymphadenitis tuberculosaActinomycosisActinomycosisAnthrax in surgeryAnthrax
CHAPTER 14. TUMORS 10
Tumors: definition, etiology, and pathogenesisTumorClassification of tumorsClinical presentation of tumors and anamnesisMain syndromes in oncologyPhysical examination of a tumorPrinciples of tumor diagnosisTNM classification and tumor stagesSurgical treatment of tumorsRadiation therapy and chemotherapy for tumorsOrganization of oncological care
CHAPTER 13. VASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC INSUFFICIENCY OF THE EXTREMITIES 12
Acute arterial insufficiencyChronic arterial insufficiencyExamination of patients with vascular diseasesLower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive diseaseThromangiitis obliteransMorbus BuergeriAcute venous insufficiencyChronic venous insufficiencyLymphedemaLymphedemaNecrosisNecrosisGangreneGangraenaTrophic ulcersUlcus trophicumFistulaeFistula
CHAPTER 15. PARASITIC SURGICAL DISEASES 8
CHAPTER 16. CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS 11
Congenital malformationsCongenital malformations of the skull and brainCephaloceleCongenital malformations of the spine and spinal cordCongenital facial malformationsCheiloschisis, PalatoschisisCongenital neck malformationsTorticollisCongenital chest wall malformationsPectus excavatum, Fissura sterniCongenital pulmonary malformationsCongenital heart diseaseVitium cordis congenitumCongenital malformations of the digestive system and anterior abdominal wallCongenital malformations of the genitourinary systemCongenital limb malformationsPes equinovarus congenitus
CHAPTER 17. PLASTIC (RECONSTRUCTIVE) SURGERY 9
CHAPTER 11. SURGICAL INFECTION (PURULENT-INFLAMMATORY DISEASES) 54
Surgical infectionPathogens of surgical infectionPathogenesis of surgical infectionEndogenous intoxication in surgeryTreatment of surgical infectionFolliculitisFolliculitisAbscessAbscessusErysipelasErysipelasNecrotizing fasciitisFasciitis necroticansPhlegmonPhlegmoneParaproctitisParaproctitisParotitisParotitisMastitisMastitisLymphangitisLymphangiitisLymphadenitisLymphadenitisPurulent bursitisBursitisPanaritiumPanaritiumOsteomyelitisOsteomyelitisAtypical forms of osteomyelitisPurulent arthritisArthritis purulentaPeritonitisPeritonitisPurulent pleurisyPleuritis purulentaSepsisSepsisSurgical infection: general concepts and pathogenesisClinical presentation and diagnostics of surgical infectionPurulent diseases of the extremities and handAcute thrombophlebitisThrombophlebitisPurulent pleurisy and pericarditisPleuritis purulentaGeneral principles of surgical infection managementInflammatory diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissueFuruncleFurunculusCarbuncleCarbunculusHidradenitisHidradenitisNecrotizing fasciitisCervical phlegmon and purulent mediastinitisDeep limb phlegmonRetroperitoneal phlegmonAcute paraproctitisPurulent parotitisThrombophlebitisThrombophlebitisPurulent infections of the handHand phlegmonPhlegmona manusSurgical treatment of purulent hand infectionsAcute hematogenous osteomyelitisOsteomyelitis haematogena acutaChronic hematogenous osteomyelitisOsteomyelitis chronicaPost-traumatic osteomyelitisOsteomyelitis posttraumaticaBursitisBursitis purulentaSurgical treatment of peritonitisManagement of purulent peritonitisPeritonitis purulentaPurulent pericarditisPericarditis purulentaSurgical sepsisSepsisManagement of sepsisSpecific types of sepsisComplications of phlegmon
Blog articles: General Surgery
9 articlesGeneral surgery
Acute appendicitis: clinical presentation, Alvarado score, diagnosis, and laparoscopy
Acute appendicitis: classic symptoms, Alvarado and AIR scores, ultrasound/CT, differential diagnosis, and principles of laparoscopic appendectomy.
April 11, 20264 minGeneral surgeryAnterior abdominal wall hernias: classification, diagnosis, and treatment
Abdominal hernias: hernia sac, classification (inguinal, femoral, umbilical), strangulation, Lichtenstein and TAPP/TEP repair — a guide for surgeons.
April 11, 20265 minGeneral surgeryIntestinal obstruction: classification, diagnosis, and treatment (strangulation and obturation)
Acute intestinal obstruction: strangulated and obturated, high and low; clinical presentation, plain radiography, CT, and indications for emergency surgery.
April 11, 20265 minGeneral surgeryWounds: classification, healing phases, and surgical debridement principles
Wounds: classification by nature and contamination degree, healing phases (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling), primary and secondary surgical debridement, chronic wound management.
April 11, 20265 minGeneral surgeryBurns: depth classification, rule of nines, and Parkland formula
Burns: I–IV depth classification, Wallace rule of nines, Parkland resuscitation formula, first aid, necrectomy, and burn shock management.
April 11, 20265 minGeneral surgeryCholelithiasis and acute cholecystitis: diagnosis, complications, and cholecystectomy
Cholelithiasis and acute cholecystitis: pathogenesis, clinical presentation, ultrasound, and TG18 guidelines, indications for elective and emergency cholecystectomy, complications — for surgeons.
April 11, 20264 minMaster the entire topic in the "General Surgery" course
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