9 topics with a brief review: definitions, key facts, and classroom questions.
A proper examination of a surgical patient is the foundation of an accurate clinical diagnosis and successful treatment. In this chapter, we examine both basic general clinical methods (temperature measurement, anthropometry, palpation, percussion, and auscultation) and special instrumental examinations used in surgical practice.
Special attention is paid to the objective assessment of the severity of a patient's condition. Without this skill, a physician cannot determine the indications for emergency surgery or the need for transfer to the ICU. In addition, we analyze the surgeon's "paperwork" in detail: the structure of the academic case history and the rules for compiling a well-written epicrisis.
During practical classes and examinations, mastery of physical examination methods at the bedside and the ability to logically justify the diagnosis are evaluated most strictly. Pay special emphasis on the technique of deep abdominal palpation and correct formulations in the case history—these are precisely the topics where students most often lose points.
What should be done if the patient is experiencing severe pain and communication with them is difficult?
The physician must show sensitivity and patience, placing the patient in the most comfortable position possible. If the patient is unable to answer questions, the anamnesis is gathered from accompanying persons or relatives.
What is the fundamental difference between swelling and a tumor?
Swelling is a general symptom that can occur due to trivial edema or tissue inflammation. A tumor (tumor) is a formed neoplasm that has specific characteristics: shape, size, mobility, and type of base.
How to properly measure local temperature?
Local temperature should be determined by contact, specifically applying the dorsum of the hand to symmetrical areas of the patient's body.
What does a horizontal fluid level indicate upon percussion of the pleural cavity?
The horizontal level indicates pyopneumothorax — the simultaneous accumulation of fluid (pus, exudate) and free air in the pleural cavity.
What is the difference between the operating principles of CT and MRI?
Computed tomography (CT) builds an image based on the degree of X-ray absorption by tissues. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) records the resonant magnetic emission of tissues located in a strong electromagnetic field.
Master the entire topic in the "General Surgery" course
This is a summary. The course covers everything tested in classes and exams.
3,335 pages of study guides on all topics
Assignments and quizzes after every topic — just like in a colloquium