Nitrofural- and acid-based preparations
Among nitrofural derivatives, the aerosol Lifusol (Lifusolum) stands out. It is used for the treatment of burns and superficial wounds, forming an antimicrobial protective film on the skin that lasts from 5 to 7 days.
The acid group includes:
- Boric acid (Acidum boricum): used as a 2–3% aqueous solution for washing purulent fistulas, wounds, and cavities.
- Salicylic acid (Acidum salicylicum): possesses both antibacterial and keratolytic effects. Available in the form of powders, ointments, and 1% and 2% alcoholic solutions.
Oxidizing agents
The antimicrobial action of oxidizing agents is based on the release of atomic oxygen upon contact with organic matter.
- Hydrogen peroxide solution (Solutio Hydrogenii peroxydi diluta): used as a 3% aqueous solution. When treating abscesses, empyemas, and purulent wounds, abundant foam is formed, which mechanically washes away necrotic tissues, fibrin, and pus. The preparation also has a deodorizing effect.
- Urea peroxide (Hydroperitum): a tableted complex of hydrogen peroxide and urea. To wash wounds, a 1% solution is prepared by dissolving 2 tablets in 100 ml of water.
- Potassium permanganate (Kalii permanganas): concentration depends on the purpose. For washing cavities, a 0.02–0.1% solution is used; for purulent wounds, 0.1–0.5%; and for the treatment of burns, 2–5%.
Detergents and dyes
Detergents include preparations with pronounced activity against bacteria and fungi:
- Chlorhexidine (Chlorhexidinum): the stock substance is a 20% aqueous solution. For washing wounds, it is diluted with distilled water in a 1:400 ratio (1 ml per 400 ml of water), and for body cavities with purulent inflammation — 1:1000.
- Benzyldimethyl-myristoylamino-propylammonium: used as a 0.01% solution, active against aerobes, anaerobes, and fungi.
Dyes are used primarily topically:
- Brilliant green (Viride nitens): a 1–2% aqueous or alcoholic solution for treating abrasions, superficial wounds, and pustular skin lesions.
- Methylthioninium chloride: a 3% alcoholic solution for abrasions and wounds, 1–2% alcoholic solution for burns, and 0.02% aqueous solution for washing purulent cavities.
Other groups of chemical antiseptics
Other important preparations include:
- Quinoxaline derivatives: for example, hydroxymethylquinoxalinedioxide. Used as a 0.5–1% solution. This is a broad-spectrum agent active against *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, *Escherichia coli*, *Proteus vulgaris*, and gas gangrene pathogens.
- Electrochemical solutions: sodium hypochlorite at a concentration of 0.03–0.12%. Effective against aerobes, anaerobes, and fungi.
Class and exam questions
How to prepare a working solution of chlorhexidine for washing purulent wounds?
It is necessary to dilute the stock 20% solution with distilled water in a 1:400 ratio, that is, add 1 ml of the preparation to 400 ml of water.
What concentration of potassium permanganate is used for burn treatment?
A 2–5% potassium permanganate solution is used to treat burns.
How many days does the protective film of the Lifusol preparation last?
The antimicrobial film of the Lifusol aerosol remains on the surface of a wound or burn for 5 to 7 days.
What else to study on this topic
- Methods of application of chemical antiseptics (local, systemic)
- Interaction of various groups of antiseptics with each other
- Side effects and toxicity of chemical preparations
- Specific sensitivity of microflora to antiseptics
- Rules for storage and preparation of antiseptic solutions
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Other topics in the section "CHAPTER 2. ASEPSIS AND ANTISEPSIS"
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