14 topics with concise breakdowns: definitions, key facts, and class questions.
Rheumatology is not just about "joints aching when the weather changes." This section is dedicated to systemic connective tissue diseases and musculoskeletal disorders. Here, we break down core clinical skills: how to properly take a history in rheumatic diseases and perform an objective joint examination so as not to miss the early stages of severe pathologies.
The section materials cover laboratory and instrumental diagnostics in detail, including X-ray and ultrasound signs, as well as blood smear abnormalities. You will study classical nosologies: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, and osteoporosis. Special attention is paid to "masks" and systemic signs: skin manifestations (including erythema nodosum) and hereditary pathologies such as Marfan syndrome.
In practical classes and credit tests, students are most often required to clearly differentiate joint syndromes in various diseases, know specific markers (rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP, uric acid levels), and be able to interpret radiographs. These articles will help you structure your knowledge of symptoms and answer with confidence at the patient's bedside.
What is meant by the term "rheumatism" in Russian medical practice today?
In modern Russian clinical practice, this term refers to acute rheumatic fever. This condition is managed as a cardiological pathology.
What is the main difference between pain in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?
In osteoarthritis, pain is mechanical in nature and worsens by the end of the day after exertion. In rheumatoid arthritis, the pain pattern is inflammatory and accompanied by prolonged morning stiffness.
What is the difference between joint deformation and defiguration?
Deformation is a persistent, irreversible change in shape due to bony overgrowth, destruction, or subluxation. Defiguration is associated with reversible soft tissue changes (edema, effusion) and gross synovial membrane changes.
What does the "punched-out" lesion sign entail?
This is a radiographic sign of gout characterized by cyst-like bone lesions with very sharp, smooth margins, as if punched out with a special instrument.
Does the presence of rheumatoid factor always indicate rheumatoid arthritis?
No, rheumatoid factor can be present in systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, infective endocarditis, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and even in low titers in healthy individuals.
Which fracture serves as the primary marker of the prevalence of osteoporosis?
Proximal femur fracture. It is also associated with the highest mortality rate.
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