Actions during syncope
The primary objective in a loss of consciousness is to ensure blood flow to the brain. To achieve this, it is necessary to:
- Place the victim in the supine position.
- Elevate the lower extremities to improve venous return to the heart.
- Unbutton or loosen clothing that constricts the neck and chest (tie, collar, belt) to facilitate breathing.
These simple measures are often sufficient to restore consciousness.
How to accelerate the return of consciousness
If the person does not regain consciousness immediately after changing body position, reflex stimuli can be used:
- Splash cold water on the face.
- Place a cool, damp towel on the forehead.
- Hold a cotton ball soaked in ammonia solution (sal volatile) near the nose.
Management of presyncope
Presyncope often develops against the background of stress or pain, for example, during dental procedures or blood donation. If the patient complains of dizziness, weakness, or darkening in the eyes, prompt action is required:
- Move the person to a horizontal position as quickly as possible.
- If positioning the patient horizontally is impossible (e.g., in a dental chair), ask them to sharply bend their head and torso downward while remaining seated.
Post-syncope management
Once consciousness is fully restored, do not raise the patient immediately. They must remain in a horizontal position for at least another 10–15 minutes. Rising too early can provoke a recurrent episode of loss of consciousness due to an inadequate vascular response.
The three "P" rule in syncope: Position supine — Elevate legs — Purge/loosen (free chest/neck) and provide fresh air.
Class and exam questions
Should a person be lifted up immediately after fainting?
No. The patient must lie down for 10–15 minutes. A sudden transition to a vertical position can cause recurrent syncope.
What to do if a patient feels unwell during a blood draw?
The patient must be laid down immediately or, if seated, their torso and head should be sharply tilted downward.
How to help if a person does not regain consciousness for a long time after being laid down?
Splash cold water on the face, apply a cold towel, or allow them to inhale ammonia vapors.
What else to study on this topic
- Etiology and types of syncope (neurogenic, orthostatic, cardiogenic)
- Prevention of syncope of various origins
- Differences between syncope and collapse
- Principles of emergency care for circulatory collapse
Master the entire topic in the "Propaedeutics" course
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- Complete study guide on "Emergency Care for Syncope" and another 3,152 pages of the subject
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Prepared by WhiteCoat Pro faculty in accordance with the medical school curriculum. For educational purposes only.