Premature ventricular contractionPremature ventricular contraction (PVC) is an early heartbeat originating from an ectopic focus within the ventricles.
BigeminyVentricular bigeminy is a repeating regular pattern of one conducted (typically sinus) complex followed by one premature ventricular contraction…
TrigeminyTrigeminy is a regular pattern where an extrasystole (most commonly ventricular, less frequently supraventricular) occurs after every two consecutive beats of the underlying rhythm.
Ventricular coupletA ventricular couplet (paired PVCs) consists of two premature ventricular contractions occurring consecutively without an intervening conducted sinus complex.
Multifocal premature ventricular contractionsMultifocal PVCs (multifocal ventricular extrasystoles) are premature ventricular contractions of varying morphology, presumably arising from multiple different ectopic foci…
“R-on-T” extrasystoleAn “R-on-T” extrasystole (R-on-T phenomenon) is a very early premature ventricular contraction where the R wave falls on the T wave of the preceding complex, usually during its…
Lown classification of extrasystolesLown grading (Lown classification) is a historical descriptive grading system for ventricular extrasystoles (PVCs) based on ECG and Holter monitoring, ranging from 0 to…
Ventricular tachycardiaVentricular tachycardia (VT) is a rhythm consisting of three or more consecutive beats of ventricular origin at a rate greater than 100 beats per minute.
Monomorphic ventricular tachycardiaMonomorphic ventricular tachycardia (monomorphic VT) is a tachycardia of three or more consecutive ventricular complexes with identical morphology in each lead, originating from…
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardiaPolymorphic ventricular tachycardia is ventricular tachycardia (polymorphic VT) in which the morphology, electrical axis, and/or amplitude of the QRS complex vary from beat to…
Torsades de pointesTorsades de pointes is a form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with prolonged ventricular repolarization (long QT interval), characterized by QRS complexes that…
Bidirectional ventricular tachycardiaBidirectional ventricular tachycardia is a rare variant of ventricular tachycardia featuring regular alternation of two distinct QRS morphologies from beat to beat due to alternating…
Fascicular ventricular tachycardiaFascicular ventricular tachycardia is an idiopathic monomorphic VT associated with a re-entry circuit involving the branches of the left bundle branch, most commonly the posterior fascicle.
Right ventricular outflow tract tachycardiaRight ventricular outflow tract tachycardia (RVOT tachycardia) is a monomorphic ventricular tachycardia originating from the myocardium of the RVOT, typically seen in patients without…
Ventricular flutterVentricular flutter is an extremely dangerous ventricular tachyarrhythmia with an extremely high rate and a regular, nearly sinusoidal ECG pattern lacking…
Ventricular fibrillationVentricular fibrillation (VF) is a chaotic, irregular ventricular electrical activity devoid of coordinated contractions and effective…
Fine ventricular fibrillationFine ventricular fibrillation is a form of ventricular fibrillation characterized by irregular, chaotic low-amplitude oscillations without discernible…
AsystoleAsystole is the absence of discernible ventricular electrical activity of the heart, manifested on the ECG by a lack of QRS complexes, typically in the absence of any other…
Pulseless electrical activityPulseless electrical activity (PEA) is a clinical state of cardiac arrest where ECG or cardiac monitor displays…
Idioventricular rhythmAn idioventricular rhythm is a slow escape ventricular rhythm with a rate of approximately 20–40 beats per minute, arising from an ectopic ventricular pacemaker when…
Accelerated idioventricular rhythmAn accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) is an ectopic ventricular rhythm with a rate exceeding that of a standard idioventricular rhythm, typically around…
Fusion beatsFusion beats are QRS complexes resulting from the simultaneous depolarization of the ventricles from two different sources — for example, a sinus impulse conducted via the AV node and…
AV dissociationAV dissociation is the absence of a fixed chronological relationship between P waves and QRS complexes, occurring when the atria and ventricles are activated by independent pacemakers.
Life-threatening ECG rhythmsLife-threatening ECG rhythms are a group of arrhythmias capable of causing cardiac arrest or severe hemodynamic instability within seconds to minutes.
Cardiac arrest rhythmsCardiac arrest rhythms are a group of ECG rhythms characterized by the absence of effective cardiac output and palpable pulses in major arteries.
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