ECG Reference
Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction on ECG
36 terms — criteria, diagrams, and real ECG strips
Myocardial Infarction on ECGMyocardial infarction on ECG is a constellation of ST-segment, T-wave, and QRS-complex changes reflecting acute myocardial ischemia and/or necrosis, most commonly caused by acute coronary occlusion.
ST-Elevation Myocardial InfarctionST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a working ECG category of acute coronary syndrome defined by symptoms or equivalents of acute myocardial ischemia combined with persistent…
Non-ST-Elevation ACSNon-ST-elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) is an acute coronary syndrome where the ECG shows no persistent ST-segment elevation, but clinical signs of ischemia and/or elevated troponin are present.
Occlusion Myocardial Infarction (OMI)Occlusion myocardial infarction (OMI) is a working clinical and angiographic concept referring to suspected acute coronary occlusion based on a combination of clinical presentation, ECG evolution, and other…
Stages of Myocardial Infarction on ECGThe stages of myocardial infarction on ECG represent a classic educational model of T-wave, ST-segment, and Q-wave dynamics describing the typical time-course development of STEMI during ongoing…
Anterior Myocardial InfarctionAnterior myocardial infarction is a STEMI characterized by ST-segment elevation in the precordial leads, typically associated with acute occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery,…
Anteroseptal InfarctionAnteroseptal infarction is a traditional electrocardiographic localization of myocardial infarction involving the interventricular septum and the adjacent anterior wall…
Extensive Anterior InfarctionExtensive anterior myocardial infarction is a descriptive term for a widespread anterior/anterolateral pattern of acute occlusive STEMI in which…
Inferior Myocardial InfarctionInferior STEMI is an acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation in contiguous inferior leads, most commonly resulting from acute occlusion of the right coronary artery or the circumflex branch.
Lateral Myocardial InfarctionLateral myocardial infarction is an area of necrosis in the lateral wall of the left ventricle, which is supplied by the circumflex artery or diagonal branches of the left anterior descending artery.
High Lateral InfarctionHigh lateral STEMI is a clinical and ECG term for acute myocardial infarction / acute coronary syndrome with ST-segment elevation in leads I and aVL, typically resulting from…
Inferolateral InfarctionInferolateral myocardial infarction is a myocardial infarction involving both the inferior wall (II, III, aVF) and the lateral wall (I, aVL, V5–V6) of the left ventricle simultaneously.
Anterolateral InfarctionAnterolateral myocardial infarction is a myocardial infarction involving both the anterior and lateral walls of the left ventricle simultaneously.
Posterior Myocardial InfarctionPosterior myocardial infarction is an infarction of the posterior (posterobasal) region of the left ventricle, often associated with acute coronary artery occlusion; on standard 12-lead ECG, it…
Inferoposterior InfarctionInferoposterior myocardial infarction is the simultaneous involvement of the inferior and posterior walls of the left ventricle due to occlusion of the right coronary artery or circumflex branch.
Right Ventricular InfarctionRight ventricular infarction is acute ischemic injury (up to necrosis) of the right ventricular myocardium, typically occurring as part of an inferior myocardial infarction due to occlusion of the…
ST Elevation in aVR (Left Main Occlusion)ST elevation in aVR is elevation of the ST segment in lead aVR, typically accompanied by diffuse ST depression in other leads.
de Winter T Wavesde Winter T waves represent an ECG pattern most frequently associated with acute occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, particularly its proximal segment, but do not…
Wellens SyndromeWellens syndrome is an ECG pattern predominantly associated with severe stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery.
Aslanger PatternThe Aslanger pattern is an ECG presentation of concomitant acute inferior wall occlusion that does not meet formal STEMI criteria due to a specific configuration of…
South African Flag SignThe South African flag sign is a descriptive term for the combination of ST elevation in leads I, aVL, and V1–V2 with reciprocal ST depression in lead III, resembling the…
Hyperacute T WavesHyperacute T waves are relatively tall, broad, and often symmetrical T waves that may appear within the first minutes of acute myocardial ischemia during…
Reciprocal ChangesReciprocal changes are ST-segment depressions that are the mirror image of ST elevations in myocardial infarction, recorded in leads oriented…
Tombstone ST ElevationTombstoning is a descriptive term for pronounced convex fusion of the QRS complex, ST segment, and T wave into a single dome-shaped curve, often with a sharp…
Myocardial Ischemia on ECGMyocardial ischemia is inadequate oxygen delivery to the heart muscle, which may manifest on the ECG as ST-segment and T-wave changes.
Subepicardial InjurySubepicardial injury is a classic electrocardiographic term denoting ST-segment elevation that develops predominantly…
Prior Myocardial InfarctionPrior myocardial infarction refers to electrocardiographic scars left after the necrosis of a myocardial segment, with no signs of acute ischemia.
Left Ventricular AneurysmLeft ventricular aneurysm is a saccular outpouching of the thinned scarred LV wall, most commonly following an anterior transmural infarction.
Infarction in Left Bundle Branch BlockMyocardial infarction in left bundle branch block refers to suspected acute coronary occlusion (acute coronary syndrome) in a patient with pre-existing or newly diagnosed left bundle branch block…
Sgarbossa CriteriaSgarbossa criteria are a set of ECG findings used to diagnose acute coronary occlusion in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) or ventricular…
Infarction in Pacemaker RhythmMyocardial infarction with paced rhythm is acute myocardial injury confirmed by troponin dynamics in the context of ischemic signs, where diagnosis…
Triple-Vessel Disease on ECGTriple-vessel disease is an anatomical diagnosis established by coronary angiography or CT coronary angiography, which cannot be diagnosed by ECG alone.
Unstable Angina on ECGUnstable angina is a form of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome in which myocardial ischemia does not lead to acute injury with ST elevation/depression…
Prinzmetal AnginaPrinzmetal angina (vasospastic, variant angina) is anginal pain caused by epicardial coronary artery spasm; typically occurs at rest, frequently…
Coronary Artery Identification via ECGCoronary artery identification via ECG is the determination of the ischemic vascular territory of the occlusion based on the localization of ST elevation, reciprocal changes, and Q waves.
Exercise Stress TestAn exercise stress test is the recording of an ECG and blood pressure during graded physical exertion (cycle ergometry, treadmill) to detect latent myocardial ischemia.
Most popular
ECG Course
Interpretation from basics to myocardial infarction — learn to read any ECG using a systematic algorithm.
- Video lessons and theory for every topic
- Simulator case studies under every lesson
- Unlimited ECG simulator practice
- Study guide: "All ECGs in 25 minutes"
890 ₽ · one-time purchase, lifetime access
Open ECG coursePractice
ECG Strip Simulator
ECG, radiology, histology, pathomorphology, pharmacology — thousands of flashcards with detailed explanations.
- Real ECG strips, not textbook drawings
- Instant answers and explanations
- Streaks and progress tracking in your dashboard
from 990 ₽ · unlimited simulator access
Learn more about the simulatorOther sections
Basics: waves, intervals, axesSinus nodeSupraventricular arrhythmiasVentricular arrhythmiasAV blocksBundle and fascicular blocksVentricular pre-excitationHypertrophy and chamber enlargementElectrolytes and metabolismDrugs and intoxicationsChannelopathies and cardiomyopathiesPericardium, lungs, brain, and othersCardiac pacingArtifacts and lead placement errorsCriteria, formulas, algorithmsPhenomena and eponymsPediatric, athletes, pregnant patients