ECG Reference
Hypertrophy and Chamber Enlargement on ECG
14 terms — criteria, diagrams, and real tracings
Left ventricular hypertrophyLeft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an increase in left ventricular myocardial mass, manifested on the ECG by increased QRS voltage.
LVH with systolic overloadThe strain pattern is a combination of ECG findings compatible with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and secondary ST-segment and T-wave abnormalities; it is associated with LVH, but by itself…
Right ventricular hypertrophyRight ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) is an increase in right ventricular myocardial mass in response to chronic pressure or volume overload.
Right ventricular overloadRight ventricular strain is an ECG pattern of secondary ST-T changes during RV overload, most commonly pressure overload; it is not limited to acute settings and can be…
Biventricular hypertrophyBiventricular hypertrophy is the simultaneous increase in myocardial mass of both the left and right ventricles.
Interventricular septal hypertrophyInterventricular septal hypertrophy is a thickening of the septum between the ventricles that can alter the initial ventricular depolarization vector.
Left atrial enlargementLeft atrial enlargement (LAE) is an electrocardiographic marker of left atrial abnormality and delayed depolarization, which may be associated with its…
Right atrial enlargementRight atrial enlargement (RAE) refers to electrocardiographic changes in the P wave considered a non-specific marker of overload or abnormality…
Biatrial enlargementBiatrial enlargement is an ECG pattern combining features of both right and left atrial P-wave abnormalities in a single tracing.
P mitraleP mitrale is a historical term for a wide, often notched P wave classically associated with left atrial electrical abnormality and frequently with left atrial enlargement.
P pulmonaleP pulmonale is a descriptive ECG pattern of a tall, peaked P wave associated with right atrial overload or abnormality.
Sokolow–Lyon indexThe Sokolow–Lyon index is a voltage criterion for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) based on the sum of wave amplitudes in chest leads.
Cornell voltage criteriaThe Cornell voltage criteria constitute one of the methods for diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) using the sum of the R wave amplitude in aVL and the S wave amplitude in V3.
Romhilt–Estes criteriaThe Romhilt-Estes score is a point-based ECG scoring system for diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), taking into account voltage, ST-T morphology, P wave, electrical axis, and intrinsicoid deflection time…
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