Russian-Latin Medical Dictionary: Letters D, E, Zh, Z

Anatomical structures and organs

Among the terms starting with the studied letters, there are many important anatomical formations.

Let's look at the organs of the digestive system. The stomach is feminine in Latin and is translated as gaster, tris f, and the corresponding adjective "gastric" is gastrĭcus, a, um. The duodenum is designated by the term duodēnum, i n. To describe structures related to both of these organs, the word "gastroduodenal" is used — gastroduodenalis, e. The abdomen is translated as abdōmen, ĭnis n, and the anus as anus, i m.

Great attention is paid to the biliary system. The concept of bile itself has two translation variants: bilis, is f and chole, es f. The gallbladder is described by the adjective biliaris, e.

In the respiratory system, the diaphragm (diaphragma, ătis n) stands out. The adjective "diaphragmatic" can be translated in two ways: phrenĭcus, a, um or diaphragmatĭcus, a, um. Also present in the vocabulary is the windpipe, which refers to the trachea. The adjective "respiratory" is respiratorius, a, um.

Among the structures of the nervous system and the head, we find the thalamus (thalămus, i m), the occiput (occĭput, ĭtis n), and the ventricle (ventricŭlus, i m). The word helix has two meanings: in a general sense, it is vortex, ĭcis m, and when referring to the curved margin of the auricle, the term helix, ĭcis f is used.

Muscles, bones, and dental terminology

Specialized terms are frequently used in the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system and dentistry.

Characteristics of muscles and bones:

• Biceps — biceps, cipĭtis
• Digastric — biventer, tra, trum
• Deltoid — deltoideus, a, um
• Masseter muscle — m. massēter, ēris m, and the adjective "masticatory" is masticatorius, a, um.
• Carpus translates as carpus, i m, and "carpal" as carpeus, a, um.

Dental concepts: The main term is tooth — dens, dentis m. The adjective "dental" is derived from it — dentalis, e. The hard dental tissue, dentin, is designated as dentīnum, i n. The gingiva is translated as gingīva, ae f, and "gingival" as gingivalis, e. Also, diastema (diastēma, ătis n) is mentioned in the vocabulary.

Clinical diagnoses and conditions

The following lexical units are used to describe pathological processes and the patient's general health status:

• Heat (fever) — calor, ōris m
• Jaundice — ictěrus, i m
• Goiter — struma, ae f
• Tremor — tremor, ōris m
• Diabetes — diabētes, ae m (the adjective "diabetic" is diabetĭcus, a, um)
• Diagnosis — diagnōsis, is f

Neoplasms and processes are described by important adjectives: benign (benignus, a, um) and malignant (malignus, a, um). Depending on the pattern of spread, a process can be disseminated (disseminātus, a, um) or diffuse (diffūsus, a, um). If a condition is associated with blood or fluid congestion, it is called congestive (congestīvus, a, um).

The concept of health is conveyed by the nouns salus, ūtis f and sanĭtas, ātis f, and the adjective healthy is sanus, a, um.

Pharmaceutical terminology and prescription writing

Proper formulation of prescriptions requires knowledge of verbs, prepositions, and drug dosage form names.

Verbs:

• To give, to dispense — do, āre I
• To make — facio, ĕre III
• To add — addo, ĕre III

Nouns and forms: Dose (dosis, is f) is frequently mentioned in prescriptions. Dragee is an indeclinable word and is written as dragée. The general concept of fluid can be translated as liquor, ōris m or humor, ōris m. The word grain sounds like granum, i n.

Drugs starting with the letter D: The medications presented include dactinomycīnum (dactinomycin), diazolinum (diazoline), dibazōlum (dibazole), dibiomycīnum (dibiomycin), dicloxacillinum (dicloxacillin), dimedrōlum (dimedrol / diphenhydramine), diprophyllīnum (diprophylline), and dichlothiazīdum (dichlorothiazide).

Briefly: answers to topical questions

Class and exam questions

What else to study on this topic

• Analysis of adjectives denoting shape and structure (e.g., duplex, bicornis, lobatus, gelatinosus).
• Declension and usage features of neuter nouns ending in -ma (diaphragma, diastema).
• Vocabulary describing spatial orientation (distalis, dorsalis).
• Latin chemical nomenclature terms (oxydulatus, diaethylicus).

Other topics in the "Russian-Latin Dictionary" section

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