Dietary features in allergic conditions
Proper meal planning plays a crucial role in early childhood. Sources of protein and calcium include fermented milk products, kefir, yogurt, acidophilus, cottage cheese, and cheese.
Meat products include poultry, rabbit, pork, horse meat, and venison. Beef and veal are permitted only if there is no burdened allergic history. Additional sources of valuable protein and fats are fish and eggs.
Differential diagnosis in allergology
The classic presentation of atopic dermatitis requires a careful differential diagnosis to rule out similar conditions. The diseases are divided into the following categories:
- Dermatitis and eczema (seborrheic, diaper, contact, microbial eczema).
- Pruritic and papulosquamous dermatoses (Vidal's lichen, strophulus, psoriasis).
- Infectious and parasitic processes (scabies, tinea corporis).
- Severe syndromes and anomalies (Leiner-Moussoux erythroderma, ichthyosis).
- Urticaria.
Performing allergy skin tests
The test is performed exclusively in a specialized allergology room by a trained nurse or physician. The main methods are prick tests and scratch tests, the results of which are compared with controls.
Test reliability is affected by the patient's age, dermographism, recent acute allergic reactions, and the use of medications such as systemic glucocorticosteroids, antihistamines, and psychotropic drugs.
Taking the personal medical history
An important stage of the examination is taking a detailed medical history (Anamnesis vitae). It includes assessing the impact of the external environment and ecological situation, as well as studying the family history and heredity.
Past illnesses, allergic history, surgeries and their course, special treatments, and bad habits such as tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance abuse are recorded.
Testing checklist: "Age, medications, dermographism, and recent allergy distort the result!"
Class and exam questions
What factors reduce the reliability of skin tests?
Reliability is reduced by early childhood or advanced age, the use of systemic glucocorticosteroids, antihistamines, and psychotropic drugs, as well as too short a period since an acute allergic reaction.
When is it permissible to introduce beef and veal into the diet?
These types of meat are introduced only if the child has no burdened allergic history.
What skin testing methods are most commonly used?
Prick tests or scratch tests performed in an allergology setting are most commonly used.
What else to study on this topic
- ATC classification of drugs affecting test results
- Criteria for evaluating positive and negative test controls
- Clinical features of Leiner-Moussoux syndrome
- Impact of the ecological environment on the development of atopic reactions
- Methodology and interpretation of prick tests
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