Female external genitalia

What bounds the vestibule of the vagina anteriorly, posteriorly, and laterally?

The vestibule of the vagina is the space between the labia minora, so it is bounded laterally by the labia minora. Direct indications of structures bounding it anteriorly and posteriorly are not provided in the sources. The labia minora, converging superiorly at the clitoris, form its prepuce and frenulum; the navicular fossa is located anterior to the posterior labial commissure.

To which bony pelvic structures do the crura of the clitoris attach?

The crura of the clitoris attach to the inferior rami of the pubic bones. Topographically, these structures lie along the inferomedial margins of the puboischiadic rami of the hip bone.

• Crura of the clitoris (crura clitoridis) are fused with the inferior rami of the pubic bones and covered by the ischiocavernosus muscles.

At the lower margin of the pubic symphysis, the corpora cavernosa unite into the body of the clitoris, which terminates in the glans.

Where are the bodies of the greater vestibular glands (Bartholin's glands) topographically located?

The bodies of the greater vestibular glands are topographically located at the base of the labia majora at the level of the posterior commissure.

• Greater vestibular glands (glandulae vestibulares majores) lie within the deep transverse perineal muscle at a depth of 1.0–1.5 cm.

Externally, the glands are partially covered by the bulbospongiosus muscle. Their excretory ducts open medially at the border of the middle and posterior thirds of the labia minora into the navicular fossa.

From which arteries is the blood supply to the female external genitalia derived?

The blood supply to the female external genitalia is derived primarily from branches of the internal pudendal artery and partially from branches of the femoral artery.

• Internal pudendal artery (a. pudenda interna) gives off the perineal artery, the artery of the bulb of the vestibule, as well as the deep and dorsal arteries of the clitoris.
• Femoral artery (a. femoralis) gives off the external pudendal arteries (superficial and deep), which supply the labia majora and vagina.

Which nerves provide sensory innervation to the labia majora and minora?

Sensory innervation of the labia majora is partially provided by branches of the lumbar plexus.

• Ilioinguinal nerve (n. ilioinguinalis) emerges from the inguinal canal, becomes superficial, and innervates the skin in the region of the labia majora.

Information regarding the innervation of the labia minora, as well as other nerves innervating the labia majora, is not available in the provided sources.

The bulb of the vestibule is a homologue of which anatomical structure of the male reproductive system?

The bulb of the vestibule is a homologue of the bulb of the penis and the corpus spongiosum.

In females, this anatomical structure is a robust paired venous plexus divided into two symmetrical parts, whereas in males the corpus spongiosum is unpaired.