In this section, we analyze non-spore-forming gram-negative anaerobic bacilli, which form the basis of the normal microflora of the large intestine, oral cavity, and urogenital tract. Despite their status as harmless commensals, they become the main culprits of severe endogenous purulent-inflammatory infections during immune suppression, trauma, or surgery.
You will study the morphology, cultural characteristics, and virulence factors of key representatives of the group: Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, and Leptotrichia. We will break down in detail the mechanisms of their adhesion, production of aggression enzymes (capsules, proteases), and protection against oxygen.
Strict anaerobes receive special attention in classes and exams. Instructors most frequently ask about the role of Bacteroides fragilis in the development of peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscesses, the association of Porphyromonas and Prevotella with severe periodontitis, as well as specimen collection rules and bacteriological diagnostic algorithms for anaerobic infections.