14 topics with concise breakdowns: definitions, key facts, and class questions.
The neck is one of the most complex and surgically hazardous regions due to the abundance of vital structures in a small space. In this section, we cover everything: from external landmarks, boundaries, and division into medial and lateral triangles, to the detailed topography of organs — the larynx, trachea, esophagus, as well as the thyroid and parathyroid glands.
You will study the fascial system and fascial spaces of the neck through which deep phlegmons spread. Special attention is paid to the sternocleidomastoid region, carotid and omoclavicular triangles, as well as the pre- and interscalene spaces. We thoroughly examine the major arteries of the neck, including the subclavian artery, as well as the sympathetic trunk and the lymphatic system.
During practical classes and exams, Shevkunenko's fascias, the boundaries of the carotid triangle, thyroid syntopy, and pathways of purulent tracking are questioned most strictly. This section will help you master the topography of the neck and answer instructors' questions with confidence.
Where is the carotid tubercle located and what is its purpose?
The carotid tubercle is the anterior tubercle of the transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra. It is palpated laterally to the cricoid cartilage and serves as a landmark for compressing the common carotid artery in case of severe hemorrhage.
What structures are contained within the neurovascular bundle of the neck?
The bundle includes the common carotid artery (a. carotis communis), internal jugular vein (v. jugularis interna), and vagus nerve (n. vagus). They are surrounded by the parietal layer of the 4th fascia.
What is the clinical significance of the topography of the facial artery in the submandibular triangle?
The facial artery runs deep within the bed of the submandibular gland and loops near the pharyngeal wall (near the palatine tonsils). Because of this location, there is a risk of accidental injury during tonsillectomy.
Does the internal carotid artery give off branches in the neck?
Normally, the internal carotid artery gives off no branches in the neck until it enters the cranial cavity.
At what level of the neck is the superior sympathetic ganglion located?
The superior cervical sympathetic ganglion projects at the level of the II and III cervical vertebrae.
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