24 concise topics with brief reviews: definitions, key facts, and class questions.
This section covers surgical interventions on the lower digestive tract, urinary, and reproductive systems. It examines both emergency procedures for pelvic organ injuries and ectopic pregnancy, as well as elective surgeries.
The proctology block includes the treatment of hemorrhoids, anal fissures, polyps, paraproctitis, fistulas, rectal prolapse, and rectal cancer. The urology section covers bladder puncture and cystostomy, prostatectomy, surgeries on the urethra, penis, and scrotal organs (for hydrocele, cryptorchidism, varicocele). The gynecological profile features supravaginal amputation of the uterus, posterior colpocentesis, ovarian cyst removal, and perineorrhaphy.
During classes and exams, instructors traditionally focus on fascial topography when draining pelvic cellular spaces, the technique of bladder puncture and posterior colpocentesis, as well as the principles of radical oncological surgeries on the rectum.
What anesthesia is used during primary surgical debridement of pelvic wounds?
Any surgical interventions for such injuries are performed exclusively under general anesthesia.
What position is given to the patient during Buyalsky-MacWhorter surgery?
The patient is placed in a supine position with knees flexed and legs abducted. In surgery, this position is known as the "frog position".
What is the main goal of creating a colostomy in rectal injury?
The main goal is to create conditions for wound healing by completely stopping the passage of feces through the damaged segment of the intestine.
What suture material is used to close the mucosa after excision of an anal polyp?
Interrupted catgut sutures are used to close the mucosal defect after the neoplasm is excised.
How does a radical surgery differ from a palliative one in rectal cancer?
Radical surgery aims to remove the tumor en bloc with lymph nodes and surrounding tissue. Palliative surgery (e.g., creation of a colostomy) merely relieves symptoms by diverting feces in cases of an unresectable tumor.
What incision is used for subcutaneous paraproctitis?
A radial incision is used, performed directly over the focus of tissue softening.
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