General Operative Surgery. Equipment, Instruments, Anesthesia
11 topics with brief reviews: definitions, key facts, and class questions.
This section forms the foundation of your surgical practice. Here, we cover the basic principles of general operative surgery: from terminology and classification of interventions to the strict sequence of steps in any procedure. You will study tissue dissection and fixation techniques, as well as reliable methods of bleeding cessation (hemostasis).
A separate module is dedicated to the surgeon's arsenal. We examine general and specialized surgical instruments in detail, as well as the design and operation principles of modern surgical equipment and devices.
The section concludes with the topic of adequate anesthesia. Please note: practical classes and exams place the heaviest emphasis on definitive hemostasis algorithms, visual recognition and designation of instruments, and the techniques for local, spinal, and epidural anesthesia. Without a solid grasp of these basics, safe work in the operating room is impossible.
What does the term "operation" mean in translation from Latin?
The word operatio translates from Latin as "work" or "action".
What is the difference between resection and amputation?
Resection is the removal of a portion of an organ along its length (e.g., removal of part of the stomach while preserving gastrointestinal tract continuity), whereas amputation is the severance of a peripheral part (e.g., a lower extremity).
What is the difference between a radical operation and a palliative one?
A radical operation involves the complete removal of the pathological focus and aims at a cure. A palliative operation involves incomplete removal of the focus and is performed solely for temporary relief of the patient's condition (e.g., in cases of inoperable tumors).
How to properly hold forceps during surgery?
Both surgical and anatomical forceps must be held with three fingers, much like a writing pen.
In what cases is tissue transfixation used instead of conventional ligation?
Transfixing through tissue thickness is used in rigid tissues where their density makes it impossible to grasp a bleeding vessel with a surgical clamp.
Where should the surgical knot be located after tying?
The knot should always be shifted to the side of the incision line. This prevents direct pressure of the knot on the approximated edges and reduces the risk of impaired blood supply in the healing zone.
Master the complete topic in the "Topographic Anatomy" course
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Assignments and quizzes after every topic — just like in a colloquium