4 topics with concise reviews: definitions, key facts, and class questions.
In this chapter, we analyze cognitive disorders—conditions characterized by impairment in the ability to acquire new knowledge, think logically, and adapt to the social environment. Intellectual impairments are broadly divided into congenital (or early childhood-onset) and acquired in adulthood.
The section includes four key topics. We will study intellectual disability (oligophrenia) and delayed mental development (DMD), which are frequently managed by child psychiatrists. We will separately examine dementia—the global disintegration of a previously formed intellect, which you will regularly encounter in gerontological and neurological practice. The chapter concludes with a practical module on diagnosis and treatment, compiling current psychometric scales and therapeutic approaches.
During classes and exams, you will certainly be asked to perform a differential diagnosis between DMD and mild intellectual disability, as well as to distinguish true dementia from pseudodementia. Pay special attention to IQ criteria, signs of social maladaptation, and methods of pathopsychological examination.
The classic IQ calculation formula (mental age / chronological age) only works for children as it reflects the rate of development. In adults over 15, intellectual dynamics are different, so special tests are used, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
Can dementia be completely cured?
No. Dementia is a persistent defect. Treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors can only slow down the process in the early stages, but complete restoration of cognitive functions is impossible.
In lacunar dementia, insight into one's condition and the core personality are preserved, and patients are capable of compensating for deficits. In total dementia, insight completely disappears and the personality disintegrates.
In lacunar dementia, insight into one's condition and the core personality are preserved, and patients are capable of compensating for deficits. In total dementia, insight completely disappears and the personality disintegrates.
Is it possible to assess intelligence during an acute psychosis with productive symptoms?
No, during an acute psychotic episode accompanied by delusions or hallucinations, intelligence must not be assessed.
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