4 topics with concise reviews: definitions, key facts, and class questions.
This chapter is dedicated to one of the fundamental aspects of propaedeutic dentistry — dental deposits. In this section, we examine in detail the processes of non-mineralized plaque formation (acquired pellicle, dental plaque, soft debris), as well as the mechanisms of their mineralization and transformation into supragingival and subgingival calculus.
Special attention is paid to the objective assessment of oral hygiene status. During practical classes and examinations, instructors most frequently require not only naming the types of deposits but also demonstrating the algorithms for calculating and interpreting key hygiene indices (Green-Vermillion, Fedorov-Volodkina, Silness-Löe).
Understanding the etiology of dental deposits and mastering index assessment is the clinical foundation without which progressing to the study of cariology and periodontal diseases is impossible.
How does soft dental plaque differ from dental biofilm (dental plaque)?
Soft debris lacks a distinct structure, is easily removed, and is visually apparent. Dental plaque is tightly adhered (cohesive), has a complex matrix, and is entirely transparent—special disclosing agents are required for its detection.
What pathomorphological changes are characteristic of the initial stage of periodontitis?
Resorption of the compact lamina of the interdental septum, lacunar resorption, and accumulation of osteoclasts in the bone tissue are observed.
Can the chemical method of calculus removal be used independently?
No, the chemical method is always used exclusively in combination with mechanical methods due to the risk of negative acid effects on the tooth and surrounding tissues.
How is the basic hygiene index (HI) calculated correctly?
It is necessary to divide the sum of scores obtained from evaluating each tooth by the total number of examined teeth. Formula: HI = K / n.
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