5 topics with brief reviews: definitions, key facts, and class questions.
This chapter focuses on morphological changes in pathologies of the male reproductive system. Diseases in this group constitute a significant share of daily urological and oncological practice, making their understanding essential for the clinical reasoning of a future physician.
The section covers a wide range of nosologies. We will analyze inflammatory diseases of the prostate gland (prostatitis), scrotal organs (orchitis and epididymitis), and the penis. A separate block is dedicated to dyshormonal diseases—primarily benign prostatic hyperplasia. The chapter concludes with the study of tumors of the male genital system, including prostate cancer and germ cell neoplasms of the testis.
What is most frequently asked in class? Be prepared to describe the macroscopic and microscopic picture of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate adenocarcinoma—these are absolute exam hits. Instructors will also invariably ask about the histological classification of testicular tumors (seminomas and non-seminomatous tumors) and the morphological differences between specific and nonspecific inflammation of the scrotal organs.
What is the difference between phimosis and paraphimosis?
Phimosis is the narrowing of the foreskin, making it impossible to expose the glans penis. Paraphimosis is an acute complication where the narrowed foreskin traps the already exposed glans, impairing blood circulation.
What stages does acute bacterial prostatitis go through?
Three forms (stages) are distinguished: catarrhal (neutrophils in the ducts), follicular (involvement of secretory units), and parenchymatous (diffuse infiltrates and abscesses).
How to distinguish non-infectious granulomatous orchitis from tuberculous orchitis under a microscope?
In autoimmune non-infectious orchitis, the center of the granulomas lacks the caseous necrosis characteristic of tuberculosis, and the cellular infiltrate contains plasma cells and neutrophils.
What is the difference between mature and immature teratoma?
Mature teratoma consists of differentiated tissues (epithelium, cartilage, glands) and is generally benign. Immature teratoma contains embryonic elements (neuroepithelium, fetal glands) and is characterized by invasive growth and metastasis.
What is the difference between hydrocele, hematocele, and spermatocele?
Hydrocele is an accumulation of serous fluid, hematocele is an accumulation of blood (following trauma), and spermatocele is a tumor-like cyst containing spermatozoa.
Master the entire topic in the "Pathological Anatomy" course
This is a summary. The course covers everything tested in classes and exams.
4,414 pages of study guides covering all topics
Assignments and quizzes after every topic — just like in a colloquium