This section focuses on the cellular mechanisms of formation and release of biologically active substances. We will examine how a glandular cell captures initial substrates, synthesizes the finished secretion from them, and releases it into the bloodstream or onto the epithelial surface.
Inside you will find a detailed analysis of the secretion process itself, a classification of its types (merocrine, apocrine, holocrine), as well as the complex yet fundamental bioelectric processes occurring in the membranes of secretory cells upon their excitation.
In practical classes and exams, instructors most often require precise knowledge of the phases of the secretory cycle (from substance uptake to extrusion) and the ability to explain how the membrane potential changes upon gland stimulation. Pay special attention to these topics—they will serve as the basis for understanding endocrinology and gastroenterology.