Chapter 14. Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Maxillofacial Region (V.N. Bogatov, S.N. Lebedev)
5 topics with brief reviews: definitions, key facts, and class questions.
In Chapter 14, edited by V.N. Bogatov and S.N. Lebedev, one of the most complex and critical topics in oral and maxillofacial surgery is examined — oncopathology and tumor-like processes of the face and jaws.
The material in this section covers all key nosologies: from common benign neoplasms and tumor-like conditions to aggressive malignant tumors. Special attention is paid to diagnostic algorithms (principles of oncological alertness) and modern protocols for surgical and combined treatment.
In practical classes and examinations, instructors most frequently require knowledge of the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant processes, early clinical signs of malignancy, and a clear understanding of the dental surgeon's tactics upon detecting suspicious lesions (biopsy rules and oncological patient routing).
Why is ameloblastoma difficult to diagnose based on clinical presentation alone?
It mimics many other pathologies (cysts, tumor-like processes, other benign, and even malignant neoplasms). A definitive diagnosis is established only after a biopsy.
Why are cysts filled with avascular fluid in osteoclastoma?
In the central parts of a giant cell tumor, an avascular tissue blood flow is formed, in which blood circulates directly between the cells, leading to the formation of cysts.
What is the difference between a ranula and an epidermoid cyst based on puncture results?
The puncture fluid of a ranula represents a translucent, viscous yellow fluid, whereas the aspirate of an epidermoid cyst reveals a transparent fluid with cholesterol crystals.
How to clinically differentiate a tuberculous ulcer of the lip from a cancerous one?
A tuberculous ulcer is superficial, has soft edges, and is sharply painful. A cancerous ulcer is initially painless, characterized by a firm base and raised, rolled borders.
Why do patients with maxillary cancer often present at advanced stages?
In the early stages, cancer is asymptomatic. Noticeable complaints, such as breathing difficulty, pain, and epiphora, appear only once the tumor is established (stage II–III).
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