13 topics with concise reviews: definitions, key facts, and class questions.
This section is dedicated to the microscopic structure and embryonic development of the organs of the male reproductive system. Here, we analyze in detail the histology of the testis, the sperm duct system, as well as accessory glands (seminal vesicles and prostate gland) and the structure of the penis.
Key attention is paid to the convoluted seminiferous tubules—the site where spermatogenesis unfolds. You will study the step-by-step process of male germ cell maturation, including meiosis and spermiogenesis, the cellular composition of the spermatogenic epithelium, and the critical role of supporting Sertoli cells. The complex endocrine regulation of sperm production is discussed separately.
During practical classes and exams, instructors most frequently require naming the phases of spermatogenesis, describing the blood-testis barrier, distinguishing Sertoli cells from interstitial endocrinocytes on a slide, and knowing the morphological features of the secretory parts of the prostate. The material in this section will help you clearly structure this knowledge and confidently navigate histological slides.
Which tunics are directly fused with the testicular tissue?
Only the two innermost tunics are tightly fused to the organ parenchyma: the tunica albuginea and the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis.
Why are so many tubule cross-sections visible in a single lobule on a histological specimen?
This is an optical illusion associated with the morphology of the tubules. Since each tubule is up to 70 cm long and highly convoluted (folded into loops multiple times), the plane of the microtome section crosses the same tube dozens of times, creating multiple rounded and oval profiles.
Which cells of the spermatogenic epithelium are capable of mitosis?
Only spermatogonia. These are the least mature cells, whose stem cell component serves as a reserve, while those that have entered spermatogenesis actively divide by mitosis.
Why is it difficult to see an entire Sertoli cell on histological slides?
The apical part of the cell with its numerous processes is masked by closely adjacent spermatogenic cells, so usually only the basal part and the nucleus are clearly visualized.
What do Leydig cells form from?
Leydig cells, or endocrinocytes, develop from the mesenchyme, which is the source of all interstitial testicular tissue.
Why is the term "growth period" considered obsolete?
This term greatly simplifies the complex molecular genetic processes of the prolonged prophase of the first meiotic division, reducing them simply to an increase in cell volume.
Master the entire topic in the "Histology" course
This is a summary. The course covers everything tested in classes and exams.
3,485 pages of study guides for all topics
Assignments and quizzes after every topic — just like in a colloquium