18 topics with brief reviews: definitions, key facts, and class questions.
The "Splanchnology / Digestive System" section is dedicated to the detailed study of the anatomy and topography of the digestive tract organs and associated major glandular organs. The focus is on the morphology of all sections: from the oral cavity (teeth, tongue, salivary glands, palate) and pharynx with the esophagus to the stomach, small and large intestines with all their segments, as well as the rectum.
A separate block consists of parenchymal organs and auxiliary structures of the abdominal cavity: the liver, biliary tract and gallbladder, pancreas, as well as the spleen and the complex architectonics of the peritoneum with its cavity.
During practical classes and exams, instructors are strictest when asking about the topography of organs, their projection onto the abdominal wall, the course of the peritoneum (intra-, meso-, and extraperitoneal position), as well as blood supply and innervation. Special attention is paid to the structure of the GI tract wall and anatomical sphincters.
It is formed by the union of the palatine processes of the maxillae and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones.
Which lingual papillae do not contain taste buds?
There are no taste buds in the filiform papillae (papillae filiformes). Their main function is to create a rough surface for mechanical retention and processing of food.
What is the main difference in composition between deciduous and permanent teeth?
The deciduous dentition contains a total of 20 teeth and completely lacks premolars.
Where does the excretory duct of the parotid salivary gland open?
The excretory duct of the parotid gland (ductus parotideus) opens into the oral vestibule.
At what level does the pharynx transition into the esophagus?
The transition into the esophagus (oesophagus) occurs at the level of the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae (CVI–CVII).
At the level of which vertebrae is the esophagus located?
In adults, it begins at the level of the VI cervical vertebra and ends at the transition into the stomach at the level of the XI thoracic vertebra.
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