In this section, we analyze how the laws of microevolution operate in human populations and why this is critically important for a physician. Evolution is not only about the origin of species, but also about how the human genetic load is formed today, hereditary pathologies spread, and microorganisms acquire antibiotic resistance.
The section covers key evolutionary factors: mutation process, population waves, genetic drift, isolation, and natural selection. You will learn how these mechanisms alter allele frequencies in human populations and lead to the accumulation or elimination of specific diseases.
Colloquia and exams most frequently test examples of genetic drift in isolates (founder effect), the impact of population waves on the frequency of recessive mutations, and mechanisms of bacterial drug resistance. This knowledge is the foundation for understanding clinical genetics and epidemiology.